Chapter I Education and Teaching Methods

Pedagogy is a science that studies educational phenomena and problems and reveals educational laws. (understand)

Section 1 Understanding of Education

I. The concept of education

(B) the etymology of "education"

The "education" in English, French and German all originated from the Latin word "educare" or "educare", that is, something hidden in people is guided out by certain means to make it become a reality from potential. China's education, as a concept, first appeared in Mencius, which wholeheartedly "nurtures outstanding people in the world and enjoys three pleasures", and took the etymology of "teaching" and "learning" as the etymology of "education" under the cultural background of China. Teaching: that is, adults hold equipment to urge children to learn. Student: It means that children are learning related knowledge in one room. Conclusion: From the etymological point of view, teaching and learning are unified, and the same thing and activity are described from different angles.

Definition of "education"

Education is a practical activity to promote individual socialization and social individualization under a certain social background. The socialization of individuals refers to the cultivation of individuals into people with certain attitudes, emotions, knowledge, skills and belief structures that meet the needs of social development according to the requirements of a certain society; Social individualization refers to internalizing various social concepts, systems and behaviors into individuals with different needs, interests and qualities, thus forming their unique personality psychological structure. (memory)

Definition of education: Chevreux, an American philosopher of analytical education, discussed three definitions in his book The Language of Education: "Prescribed definition" is a definition created by the author himself, and its connotation is always the same in a certain discourse situation of the author. That is to say, no matter how others define a word, that's how I define it, and I will always use it in the sense of my definition. "Descriptive definition" refers to an appropriate description of the defined object or an appropriate explanation of how to use the defined object. "programmatic definition" is the definition of what the object of definition should be. (just know)

Second, educational elements.

Three basic elements of education: educator, learner and educational influence. (master)

Educators refer to people who can promote individual socialization and social personalized activities under a certain social background. (understand)

Educational influence is all the information that educators act on learners in educational activities, including both the content of information and the form of information selection, transmission and feedback, which is the unity of form and content. (understand)

Third, the form of education (mastery)

According to the standards of the education system itself, the forms of education can be divided into "non-institutionalized education" and "institutionalized education".

According to the place or space where the education system operates, the forms of education can be divided into family education, school education and social education.

According to the time standard of education system operation and the industrial technology and social form based on it, education forms can be divided into "education in agricultural society", "education in industrial society" and "education in information society".

Section II Historical Development of Education

First, the origin of education (understand the representative figures and basic viewpoints of his theory)

(A) the myth of the origin of education

This is the oldest view of human beings on the origin of education, and all religions hold this view, which is inseparable from the ontology of creation. Viewpoint: Education is created by God.

(B) the biological origin of educational theory

Representative: French sociologist and philosopher Little; British educator Percy Neng

Viewpoint: Education originates from the survival instinct of animals. The theory of the biological origin of education is the first formal theory about the origin of education in the history of pedagogy, and it was also put forward as an academic issue earlier, marking the beginning of the transformation of the origin of education from mythological interpretation to scientific interpretation.

(C) the psychological origin of educational theory

Representative: American educator Lu Meng

Viewpoint: Education originated from children's unconscious imitation of adults.

(D) The labor origin theory of education

Viewpoint: Education originated from labor, which is the dialectical unity of social production needs and human development needs in the process of labor.

Second, the historical development of education

Education in agricultural society

(The earliest school of mankind appeared in Egypt around 2500 BC, and our school was born in the Shang Dynasty 1000 years BC. )

Characteristics of agricultural social education;

1. The emergence and development of ancient schools

2. The emergence and strengthening of the class nature of education

3. School education and productive labor should be separated.

Please see the attachment.