Random Talk on Education is his representative work on education, and the theme of the book is "gentleman education". Locke believes that a gentleman should not only be aristocratic, active in the upper class and political arena, but also have the enterprising spirit of his career, and be a practical talent for developing bourgeois economy; A gentleman wants physical education, moral education and intellectual education. For the first time in the history of western education, the book divides education into three parts: physical education, moral education and intellectual education, and discusses them in detail. It emphasizes the great role of environment and education, and the hard exercise of physique and virtue. These thoughts had a far-reaching influence on modern western educational thoughts, especially on French educators in the18th century.
His educational thought also includes "whiteboard theory", which holds that human mind is like a whiteboard, and ideas and knowledge come from the day after tomorrow, and draws the conclusion that everyone is equal in natural intelligence. "The reason why humans are so different is because of education." Advocating the abolition of feudal hierarchical education, everyone can receive education.
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"Because of the mistakes in education, it is more unforgivable than other mistakes. Mistakes in education, like taking the wrong medicine, have begun to make mistakes. They can never make up for it by the second or third time. They will take deep-rooted stains and pass through various intersections and stations in life. " ?
Indeed, until now, whenever I mention "mistakes" in education or teaching, I always subconsciously think of Locke and his judgment that there is no room for change. In fact, on the other hand, mistakes can't be washed away, which is Locke's firm belief in educational philosophy. If educators can do proper education, what will future children carry, "crossing the crossroads and stations of life"?
About the body.
A healthy spirit resides in a healthy body. If people are unhealthy on the one hand, then all kinds of things in the world are in vain.
Nine out of ten people we meet every day become good or bad, useful or useless because of education. The reason why human beings are so different is education. The impression you get when you are young, even if it is extremely small, has a far-reaching impact.
In order to work and be happy, we must have health first. The body should be able to withstand hard work.
Most children's bodies are damaged or damaged by pampering.
Clothes should not be too warm or too tight, especially the head and feet should be cold. Advocate washing cold feet every day. You can start practicing in spring, using warm water at first, and then gradually cooling to completely cool. Taking a cold bath can make people who are weak recover, and people who are in good health can keep fit and exercise.
Children should learn to swim when they grow up.
Live more outdoors, breathe more fresh air, exercise more, and keep warm as little as possible even in winter.
No cold drinks. Diet should be light and simple. Eating meat is completely forbidden before the age of three or four. Don't drink alcohol or strong drinks. Avoid eating all sweets.
Sleep helps to improve children's growth and health, form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early, and sleep on a hard bed. .
Get into the habit of defecating on time.
Never give children any medicine to prevent diseases.
About spirit
The desires of human beings at different ages are different, so we should cultivate them as soon as possible and let them accept rational norms and constraints.
If a child wants something, or wants to do something that is not suitable for him, don't cry for it just because the child is young. Free indulgence is not good for children, because children have no judgment.
Parents should make their children indomitable and approachable, so that they can have memories. Once they let nature take its course, they will not resist and resent them. Start early, don't be flexible at all, and make sure that children's fear of their parents becomes natural, psychologically obedient and not forced. When children grow up, they can be rational and relax their control, and their parents should be more kind and friendly and become reliable friends.
Corporal punishment can't restrain children's desires, but it may encourage them, or it may make children mentally decadent, inhibit their vitality and diligence, and make things that originally hoped for hobbies disgusted by them.
Be careful not to reward or please children with what they like.
Parents should think carefully about their children's faults that deserve their anger, and avoid too much reprimand, especially anger, which will reduce their prestige in the eyes of their children and reduce their respect for their parents.
When reprimanding children for their mistakes, they should be carried out behind others' backs, and the words of reprimand should be serious, kind and solemn. When praising children, be in front of others. This can make children pay attention to their reputation.
Naivety is a child's childhood, not the child's own fault. It must be corrected by time, imitation and mature age, so as to avoid unfair and useless punishment for children, thus damaging their childlike innocence.
If you can't teach children the rules, they will always forget. The fewer rules, the better. Once set, it will be strictly enforced. What children must do is to seize every opportunity to practice and fix it on them until they form a habit.
Parents should carefully study their children's nature and talents and what they are suitable for. You should also know what children lack, whether they can get it through hard work, and whether it is worth working hard.
It is better to set rules for children than to set an example for them, because most of their behaviors are imitations. Always pay attention to their words and deeds, set an example, do not violate the rules set by themselves, and carefully choose partners for them.
Children should feel comfortable in front of their parents, have the freedom they deserve at their age, and should not be bound unnecessarily for no reason, so that they can get along with their parents happily.
What children should learn should never be a burden to them, nor should it be imposed on them as a task. Try to make them interested and like, and then they will study hard. Pay special attention to the observation of interest. When it is good, the efficiency will be doubled, otherwise it will be twice as effective. At the same time, we should teach them to cultivate an independent ability. Even if they are interested in one thing, they should be able to let go and do another thing happily without embarrassment.
If the child's fault includes stubbornness and deliberate resistance, then the punishment should meet their psychological expectations until they see true repentance, shame and voluntary obedience.
Ignoring and loving happiness are the characteristics of childhood. Unless things tend to be bad habits, it's best to use less force and give less orders. Moderate persuasion will have a better effect.
Children don't understand profound truth, and preaching can't impress them. Reasoning should understand Xiao Yi, which is the truth and statement that they can touch and feel.