I have carefully studied the Complete Works of Chen Heqin, and I always feel my thoughts rolling in the long river of Chen Heqin's preschool education thought, which has benefited a lot. Chen's pre-school education theory and ideological principles are easy to understand, and there is no lack of profound scientific philosophy. It is so unconventional that it covers a wide range of social life. His advanced theory of "living education" guides the preschool education reform in China!
Chen Heqin's methodology of life education is "learning by doing and seeking progress by doing". At present, the regional activities and decentralized group teaching adopted by our kindergarten are similar to Mr. Chen Heqin's life education method, suggestion teaching method and small group teaching method. In particular, teacher Chen's small group teaching method, Dewey's emphasis on "learning by doing" and group cooperative learning, has been widely introduced in today's kindergarten teaching reform. Therefore, I have considered the following aspects when designing regional activities:
First, give play to the suggestive role of the environment and mobilize the enthusiasm of children to participate in activities independently.
Regional activities in kindergartens are activities that purposefully provide rich materials and meaningful learning environment for children, so that children can freely choose, actively operate and play, interact with the environment, gain experience in activities and experience the joy of success. It is a good form to implement personalized education and promote children's autonomous learning. Teachers should retreat to the recessive position, push the teaching materials to the dominant position, "activate" the teaching materials and give them vitality. Create an environment through materials, let the environment tell children what can be done here and how to do it, and let the environment "speak" and play a suggestive role.
So I posted on the wall of every corner the steps or examples of things to play and how to play, so that children can see at a glance. For example, in the language area, a tape recorder, a story tape, a corresponding story book and a stack of pictures are enough for children to develop the habit of concentration while feeling literary works independently.
Another example is the "New Pujiang" on the wall of the art design area, which shows the whole process of painting, folding, cutting and pasting, so that children can choose and explore for themselves. How to design Pujiang town? What do you want in pujiang town? Teachers provide a variety of materials for children of different levels to operate. At this time, the teacher observed and guided, timely and appropriately reminded individual children to try new game content, developed their weak intelligence, and finally encouraged children to arrange their works in "New Pujiang".
Second, provide hierarchical materials and train children to improve their self-ability through different levels.
How to provide suitable materials? I believe that the materials provided by regional activities should not only be suitable for children's age characteristics, but also effectively promote children to approach the "nearest development zone". According to the theory of multiple intelligences, the critical period of children's growth and the theme of kindergarten education activities, the materials are designed purposefully. Then, let children play and explore in rich content, feel new experiences and get a higher level of development.
For example, in the jigsaw puzzle area, in order to let children better master the sorting skills, I provided three levels of sorting contents: the first level: color sorting, the second level: graphic sorting, and the third level: animal sorting. The contents of these three levels seem to be irrelevant, but they are actually interlocking, from easy to difficult. Through regular classification, children can develop a variety of color, graphics, animal classification methods. Thereby expanding children's imagination of things.
For another example, in the game of Jiugongge (this is a game to develop children's observation and memory. Children just get materials every day and stare at snowflakes in different shapes and arrangements in the grid. With my encouragement, he started from the simplest page, looked at it step by step, arranged it several times, and he could remember it quickly and arrange it accurately at a glance. From the first page to the last page, from simple to complex, the time spent every day is getting shorter and shorter. The children also got the joy of success.
Third, create a variety of material combinations to meet the diverse needs of children.
Self-centeredness is another remarkable feature of babies' own learning plan, which shows that their interest in learning or games is determined by their interests and needs, and what they are interested in is also based on their own wishes, not by adults. Therefore, only by fully mobilizing their happiness and interest can they actively and persistently engage in activities and achieve the goal of promoting children's development. Therefore, I quote the concept of multiple intelligences, organically combine all kinds of intelligent fields, combine different materials, enhance the connection between materials, create a life-oriented situation for children, and strive to make them feel the different tastes of play and the different interests of games. In the transmission of materials, I insist on the basis of children's life experience, emphasizing the maneuverability of materials, adapting materials to children's characteristics and needs, inspiring children to actively interact with materials, and thus developing.
For example, in the field of architecture, I asked my children to collect a large number of bottles, cans, disposable cups, boxes and other wastes from life, and by providing different low-structure materials and natural things, they learned to integrate and create by using the wastes. At this time, children's imagination, creativity and practical ability are also displayed one by one. The Oriental Pearl made of boxes and bottles came out. Add some colorful crumpled paper to the transparent disposable cups, and the floor lamp came out. Xi Town also built a three-dimensional parking lot with building blocks, which is both beautiful and space-saving. That's a good idea.
I will also connect the building area with the art area, which will cultivate children's ability to cooperate with each other. What is needed in the construction area can be made by children in the art area on the spot. For example, children in the art district tear out crumpled paper in front of the colored lights on the scene, and buildings need windows. The children in the art area drew, cut and sent it. The children are very busy, and they are very happy to see their works displayed.
Therefore, the educational mode of "learning by doing, teaching by doing and making progress by doing" actually embodies a new model of teacher-student interaction that we strongly advocate. "Doing" has become a new interactive bridge between teachers and children. Teachers and children are in an equal, cooperative and interactive relationship. Teachers show respect and understanding for children through their own actions, and children can fully enjoy freedom and happiness in the process of doing it. At the same time, the teacher's help and guidance give them personal and equal care and help, so that they can get the maximum development in happiness. "Learning by doing" and "teaching by doing" oppose teachers doing everything, advocate the cooperation and interaction between teachers and children, and emphasize the dialectical unity of "teaching" and "learning". These teaching ideas and methods are strongly advocated by us in the process of educational reform. Today, Mr. Chen's teaching methods and thoughts still have great vitality, which is of great guiding value to the current kindergarten teaching reform and myself. I will always follow teacher Chen's theory and make my contribution to preschool education.
Reference:/CMS/up/0805dushu/ds 510.htm.
Reflections on Reading Selected Works of Chen Heqin's Education
Mr. Chen Heqin is the pioneer and founder of children's education and children's psychology research in China. His thoughts on early childhood education have a very important influence on our early childhood education today. Recently, I read Selected Works of Chen Heqin's Education again and found that I had a deeper understanding and experience.
Mr. Chen Heqin is most famous for his theory of "life education". The essence of "life education" is worth learning and developing in today's educational reform.
First of all, the course should implement the "holistic teaching method"
The "holistic teaching method" advocated by Mr. Chen Heqin is to systematically teach children what to learn. Because the child's life is complete, the teaching materials must be complete and cannot be separated. This coincides with our current theme education, which pays attention to the integration and infiltration between fields.
1, the curriculum view of "five-finger activity"
Mr. Chen Heqin said: "Five fingers move on the child's palm ..... which means paying attention to children's psychological and physical development." He added, "Five fingers are alive. They can stretch and touch each other. ..... The course is complete and coherent. According to the development of children's body and mind, the five-finger movement forms an educational network in children's lives, which is organized, systematic and reasonably woven in children's lives. " From Mr. Chen Heqin's exposition, we can clearly see that his understanding of preschool education curriculum is very scientific and reasonable. His view of life education leads us to have a deeper understanding of curriculum thought.
2. Course "Life"
As advocated by Mr. Chen Heqin: "All course contents should be selected from real life and life experience". Life is complete, and the contents of health, language, science, art and society are naturally integrated into life; Life is changeable, and children are experiencing vivid and interesting changes all the time in colorful life. And can the curriculum we implement "restore the true colors of children's lives, give them the original colors of life, and let them learn in life"? It will be an effective way to start with children's life and draw nutrition from the life around them. For example, the "delicious fruit" activity held by children in my class, I let children observe the fruits in life and let parents take their children to the fruit shop to choose and buy fruits. In this process, children gain some perception and experience. Some of them are curious about the different shapes of fruits, some are interested in the different tastes of fruits, and some are fresh to different kinds of fruits. Because fruit is something that children are very familiar with and like in their lives, children never feel that they are learning knowledge, but only feel that they are living a happy life. Such activities are naturally integrated into the learning content in many fields, such as common sense, calculation, art design, language, music and so on.
Second, the curriculum should be centered on nature and society.
"Nature and society are living teaching materials." Chen Heqin
Chen Heqin pointed out: "There are many things that children can and should learn, but we can't teach them indefinitely and systematically. There must always be an organization that becomes a system within a certain scope and connects all the subjects. " Nature and society are two environments that children come into contact with every day and should be the center of kindergarten curriculum. Nature and society are living books and direct books. We should learn from them.
1. "Naturalization" of curriculum
People come from nature, but with the rapid development of modern science and technology, people seem to be getting farther and farther away from nature while enjoying a high degree of material civilization. Especially children living in cities, high-rise buildings stand in their way. In fact, children are full of yearning for the mysterious and intimate nature, and the infinite mystery of nature is also the best classroom for them to learn. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage children to release freely in nature, especially to lead children in cities to return to nature, get close to nature, feel nature, make full use of their senses, see, smell, hear and touch, and let children gain rich perception. This is not only for education, but also for expanding children's living and learning space, and also for cultivating children's immature hearts.
2. Socialization of curriculum
Today's society has developed towards socialization and diversification. This also puts forward a good idea for our course. Kindergarten education is not limited to kindergartens, but also should make full use of various favorable environmental and social resources. If kindergarten education can be truly integrated with family and community, such educational synergy will play an inestimable role.
We are in a multi-functional community with unique characteristics and advantages. In the process of curriculum implementation, we often organize children to go out of kindergarten and into the community.
Third, the enlightenment of "life education"
"It is necessary to let children have cordial feelings for kindergartens in various activities, and then get inspiration and education, so that children can deeply experience that kindergartens are their paradise." These familiar words are not only Mr. Chen Heqin's inculcation, but also Mr. Chen Lao's beautiful vision for life. At the same time, this is also the strong vitality of our education reform.
In fact, in the practice of the second phase of curriculum reform, it is very necessary for our kindergarten teachers to constantly learn Mr. Chen Heqin's "living education" theory when facing children's various needs and desires for knowledge, ability and experience. We should think about educational objectives, activity contents, activity processes, activity forms, activity evaluation and other issues;
When establishing educational goals, we will ask: how to have more challenges in children's existing experience?
When determining the content of the activity, we will judge whether the content I choose is the knowledge and ability, emotion and attitude necessary for children's lifelong learning.
When establishing the activity process, we will scrutinize: how to let children get direct experience during the activity?
When establishing the form of activities, we will ponder: What kind of ways can make children's learning more meaningful?
In the implementation of activity evaluation, we will compare: how to realize the concept of "children's development-oriented" more effectively?
When observing and listening, we try to understand children's needs. We are no strangers to these two words, but it is not easy to really do it! Pay attention to every child in the class, pay attention to their behavior and pay more attention to their needs.
In view of this interaction, we try to change the traditional "teaching and learning" mode, try to educate children scientifically and effectively, and establish a "zone of proximal development" for children according to their spontaneous interests. On the premise of ensuring its initiative and independence, let its activities be meaningful and valuable!
In the interaction, we keep in mind Mr. Chen Heqin's teaching. While guiding children to learn all kinds of practical and life knowledge, we strive to integrate and balance the curriculum. In the course, health activities, social activities, scientific activities, artistic activities and literary activities are organically coordinated and infiltrated.
In the process of reflection and adjustment, we develop good thinking habits and often ask ourselves: "What do children need today? Have I ever seen it as a teacher? " "How should children learn today and how should I teach as a teacher?"
I sincerely hope that children can grow up healthily with our help and guidance, and make kindergarten a paradise for children to play happily.
Reference:/CMS/up/CMS/up/0805dushu/ds540.htm.
Reflections on Reading Chen Heqin's Family Education
Chen Heqin is a famous educator and children's education expert in modern China. As a pioneer of modern family education in China, his family education works have exerted a wide influence. Among them, Family Education was praised by Tao Xingzhi as "the most valuable monograph in modern times" and "willing to be read by all parents in the world."
Modern preschool education pays more and more attention to family cooperative education. I am a kindergarten teacher and the mother of a child. With a dual identity, I carefully studied the book Family Education by Mr. Chen Heqin, and deeply felt that his family education thought was rich and profound, both scientific and practical. The distinctive China and democracy with popular characteristics are not only the precious wealth of our country's family education theory, but also have strong practical guiding significance for kindergarten education activities.
Mr. Chen Heqin said: "All activities that children can do by themselves should be done by themselves. When you do, you have direct contact with things, you get direct experience, you know the difficulty of doing things, and you know the essence of things. " "The interest in doing things is getting stronger and stronger, and the ability to do things is getting stronger and stronger." He often said humorously: "Parents had better have only one hand!" Because "parents' responsibility is to help their children live, help their children stand on their own feet, and help their children to be human beings", "children should do it by themselves, live by themselves, get happiness from it, and learn all kinds of knowledge and skills from doing it. The right to be a child. " Mr. Chen Heqin's son once said that when he was one and a half years old, he had to eat by himself. At first, he couldn't hold the spoon steadily, and the food was not packed, which made a mess. Let the children not eat by themselves? Chen Heqin thinks that if you do it yourself and eat by yourself, you can get the pleasure of muscle exercise and get a good taste in your mouth. Even if it is not done well, it is a necessary step. So Chen Heqin insisted on letting him eat by himself, and gradually he ate better at once. When I was more than two years old, I was very skilled at hammering nails into boards one by one with a small hammer. When I was more than three years old, I was able to cut out patterns accurately, and I was very good at watering flowers with a small watering can ... these are the results.
Chen Heqin believes that to be good at stimulating children's initiative, there is no need to order children what to do and how to do it. On the contrary, we should encourage him to think and do it himself and give him an automatic chance.
Now, a child often needs six direct caregivers, parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts, which can be said to be "everyone helps one." Young children are placed in a noble position in the family and treated well. Parents attach great importance to their children's intellectual development. Everything in life is arranged by parents. They are always afraid that their children will be tired and in danger. When the child is crawling around in cotton-padded clothes to get toys (buy toys), he feels too uncomfortable and hands it over quickly. When the child hobbles up and down the stairs, he is always worried that the child will fall, so he carries him up and down; When children learn to eat with a small spoon, they are always worried that cold rice will upset their stomachs, so they feed it to their mouths one by one ... They take care of their children's eating, drinking, pulling, dispersing and playing, which makes their hands, feet, mouth and brain all messed up.
I often encounter situations where my daughter is arranged to take the place of others. When she was five years old, she tried to plug in the TV by herself, but I didn't agree. The daughter said angrily, "You are not as good as the mother horse in the story of Little Horse Crossing the River!"! Mother Ma also lets the pony try to swim in the water. You won't even let me try. " My daughter's words woke me up. In fact, I understand the harm of arranged substitution, but in children's lives, I can't help but help them do this and that. I calmed down and seriously reflected on myself. At home, in kindergarten, how many things have I done consciously or unconsciously for my children? This happened to my daughter today. If it happens to kindergarten children, do kindergarten children dare to give me advice? As pre-school teachers with professional education, they are unwilling to let their children "do" things. How can they ask their parents not to do this?
Look at this book again. Mr. Chen Heqin analyzed the harm of parents' arranged substitution: "First, deprive children of opportunities for muscle development;" The second is to develop the habit of children being lazy; The third is to develop the habit of children not knowing the world and not knowing the hard work; The fourth is to prevent children from developing an independent spirit. "In my future work, I must do the following:
First, care for children should be moderate.
Children need the help of parents or teachers to do many things, but this kind of help should be adjusted with the constant changes of age, time, place and things. Let children do what they can, try to do it themselves, and avoid "doing it for them" everywhere.
Second, carry out "independent work" and "innovation" activities among young children.
Encourage, induce and guide children to say what they want to say, do what they want to do, and accomplish what they can independently. Proceed from reality, gradually cultivate children's independent spirit and teach them to walk independently.
Third, family teaching should be synchronized to form the consistency of education.
Strengthen study, change ideas, improve your theoretical level, professional ability and communication adaptability, and don't miss every opportunity to communicate with parents. So that both families can discuss educational countermeasures together according to the specific situation of children and carry out the same direction and synchronous education.
With the reform and opening up, the society has higher and higher requirements for the quality of talents. Today's children will be the life force of the Chinese nation in 2 1 century. Every truly caring parent and kindergarten teacher should let their children do anything by themselves, so that they can learn from it and increase their knowledge. Only in this way can they be self-centered and based on socialist modernization; Only in this way can we transport outstanding creative talents for the motherland; Our motherland will be more prosperous.
reference:/jxbd/jxbd article w . action？ Arid = 80324 & Xing Lei = 1
Take a look and extract. I hope I can help you! (*^__^*)