The early education in ancient Rome and a Republic was mainly family education. Before the age of 7, children receive common education from their parents at home, cultivate morality and learn skills. School education in Rome appeared late. In 234 BC, a free slave named Calvis opened the first fee-paying primary school. In the later period of One Republic, education was influenced by Greek and Roman cultures and gradually formed a system based on the Greek model. At the end of 1 century BC, it was the imperial period, when education was officially handled and public schools were established. Primary schools mainly focus on children of civilians and cultivate subjects; Secondary education and higher education

Education, that is, grammar and rhetoric schools train officials. After Latin replaced Greek, natural science education gradually weakened and teaching divorced from life. There were also vocational schools during the imperial period, which lasted for 4-5 years and taught law, medicine and architecture. The method is mainly to guide and pay attention to reality. In 325 AD, Christianity was designated as the state religion. With the rise of church and religious education, religious knowledge and some cultural knowledge are taught by schools such as doctrinal schools and doctrinal colleges. Later, a children's missionary school was established, which gradually dominated the whole education field, forming a dominant situation of missionary schools.

The education system in Rome was born and developed under the social and political conditions in Rome. Its greatest feature is that education systematically provides excellent services for the realization of Rome's ideal of cultivating outstanding citizens and outstanding speakers. While inheriting and developing Greek education, it has formed a unique Latin cultural education.