Definition and importance of breastfeeding
1. Definition of exclusive breastfeeding: Exclusive breastfeeding means that a mother feeds her baby without adding any food, drinks and water (except drugs, vitamins and minerals). Mother's milk can't be fed in a bottle, but in a small cup.
Second, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding: breast milk contains all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of infants, which can meet the needs of infants' growth. Babies who are completely fed by their mothers are healthy and do not like getting sick, and the probability of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood is reduced. Babies who are exclusively breastfed are smart and have strong social skills.
The benefits of breastfeeding
First, the benefits to children.
1. Perfect infant nutrition: breast milk has balanced nutrition and the best ratio. At different stages of baby's growth and development, the composition and quantity of breast milk can accurately meet its needs.
2. Immunity: Breast milk contains immune substances and immunomodulatory factors, which can enhance the adaptability of infants and reduce the risk of various infections.
3, digestible: breast milk is mainly whey protein, in which enzymes and other substances are conducive to the digestion of infants and the absorption of nutrients.
4. Intellectual development: Breastfeeding is conducive to promoting the intellectual development of infants.
5. Long-term health impact: it is beneficial to the healthy development of infants and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes in adults.
Second, the benefits to mothers.
1, which can help mothers recover their body shape: breastfeeding consumes more calories, which is helpful for postpartum weight recovery.
2. Promote uterine contraction and reduce postpartum hemorrhage.
3. Health: Breastfeeding reduces the probability of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Oxytocin reflex
Breastfeeding skills
First, the four main points of mother's breastfeeding posture
1, the child's head and body are in a straight line.
2. The child's face is close to the breast and the nose is facing the nipple.
The baby's body is close to the mother.
The newborn mother should not only hold his head and shoulders, but also hold his hips.
Second, breastfeeding posture
1, cradle type
Indications:
Most mothers like and generally use breastfeeding posture.
Methods: Put the baby's head on the mother's forearm.
Hold the baby's back and buttocks with both hands.
2. Hugging type
Indications: twins, children with difficult connection, treatment of mammary duct obstruction or mother's preference for this position.
Methods: The mother put the baby under her arm, supported the newborn's body with a pillow, and put the baby's head on her hand.
Step 3 cross
Indications: very young children, sick children or disabled children
Or mom likes this posture.
Methods: The mother hugged the child with the arm opposite to the breast.
The mother supported the baby's body and head with her forearm.
The pillow is in the mother's hand and the hand is in the baby's ear.
Or lower, to support the baby's head.
Pillows help support the baby's body and use the same side of the breast.
Hold the breast with your hand, and don't push the baby's head to the breast.
4. Lie on your side;
Indications: mother after cesarean section, normal
Mother on the first day after delivery
Methods: Help mother to lie on her side in a comfortable and relaxed posture.
Rest your head on the pillow, don't rest the child's head on the mother.
On the arm, mother's arm should be placed next to the pillow above.
Newborns should also lie on their sides, and mothers should not hold them down with their hands.
The baby's head allows the newborn's head to move freely.
Avoid breast blocking the newborn's nose, resulting in poor breathing.
Indications and correct methods of adding milk
Breast milk or other milk is not acceptable except for special formula:
1. galactosemia infants: special infant formula without galactose is needed.
2. Infants with Acer diabetes (maple syrup urine disease): need special infant formula without leucine, isoleucine and valine.
3. Infants with phenylketonuria: Special infant formula without phenylalanine is needed (breastfeeding is also possible under close monitoring).
Although breastfeeding is the best choice, there are some situations where other foods need to be added for a period of time:
1, baby birth weight
2. Premature infants (≤ 32 weeks pregnant).
3. Infants who may have hypoglycemia: such as low birth weight infants, premature infants or infants with severe history of hypoxia and ischemia during delivery, sick infants and infants with diabetic mothers, breastfeeding or breastfeeding can not make the blood sugar of infants reach normal.
Common problems in breast-feeding and their treatment
Breast swelling
I. Reasons
1, most breasts swell because the milk is opened too late.
2. The mother did not let the baby suck the breast frequently (referring to sucking 8~ 12 times in 24 hours).
3, maternal "milk", too much milk at once.
4. When the baby sucks the breast, it has always been nipple sucking, that is, invalid sucking.
5. When feeding, the mother did not let the baby eat one breast first and then the other breast, but changed the breast frequently, so the breast was not completely emptied.
6. Mothers do not breastfeed on demand, but limit breastfeeding time.
7. The mother's breast is large, and the angle of the mammary duct at the lower part of the breast is large, which is not conducive to drainage and causes local swelling.
8. The mother's tight clothing or nursing bra is too small, which causes the mammary duct to be compressed.
9. The mother's improper lying position when sleeping puts pressure on the mammary duct.
10, the mother has bad habits when breastfeeding, such as pressing or clamping her finger on her breast to prevent the baby's nose from being blocked.
Second, the treatment method:
1. Evaluate breast swelling and find out the causes.
2. Instruct the mother to deal with breast swelling according to the reasons, such as sucking more when the milk starts late or the sucking times are not enough; When the posture is incorrect, guide the mother to correct the baby's posture; When the method of breast support is incorrect, the mother should be instructed to get rid of bad habits. 、
3. Teach mothers hot compress, breast massage and milking methods.
4. When mother and baby are separated, instruct mother on milking method and milk preservation method.
Obstruction of mammary duct and mastitis
First, the reason:
1. Causes of poor drainage of some or all mammary ducts.
(1) The number of times mothers breastfeed has decreased.
(2) ineffective sucking
(3) Mom's clothes are too tight, usually bras, especially at night.
(4) Lying on the breast may hinder the outflow of milk.
(5) Because the mother is worried that the baby's nose is blocked by the breast, she presses the mammary duct with her fingers for a long time.
(6) The mother's breasts are big and the drainage is poor.
2, the mother was nervous and overworked for several months, which reduced the frequency and time of feeding.
3, breast injury, breast tissue destruction.
4, the nipple is chapped, allowing bacteria to enter.
5. Mother and baby are separated, and mother does not often milk.
2. Handling:
(1) Improve breast drainage, actively find out the causes and correct them;
1, guide the mother to adopt the correct posture.
2, guide the mother breastfeeding essentials.
3. Instruct the mother to hold the breast with her hands when feeding.
(2) Suggestions on breastfeeding
1, breast-feed, it is best to sleep with the baby, so that when the baby wants to breast-feed, the mother can feed it at any time.
2. When the baby sucks, the mother can gently massage the nipple with her fingers.
3, hot compress the breast, hot towel can be used to compress the breast between feeding.
4. Change breastfeeding posture.
5, feed the healthy side first, the pain may inhibit the breast spray reflex, and it may be better to switch to the affected breast after the breast spray reflex begins.
6. Use antibiotics as prescribed.
7. Pay attention to rest.