Is Shangguan Waner, the "prime minister" reused by Wu Zetian, really as miserable as the legend? 6543810.7, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology published the full text of Shangguan Waner's epitaph, which exposed or subverted many historical records, and perhaps restored a true Shangguan Waner in history.
Who wrote the epitaph?
In August, 20 13, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology discovered a Tang Dynasty tomb with five courtyards in the archaeological work of the South Street Project of Kongxijun, Hong Kong New City Park. Although the grave was seriously damaged, not many funerary objects were unearthed. But according to the epitaph of Shangguan Shi in the Tang Dynasty, archaeologists judged that,
According to the explanation of the Epitaph of Tang Shangguan Shi published by Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, Shangguan Waner's epitaph is Qingshifang. It was unearthed in the middle of the tunnel in the tomb. When unearthed, the chronicle was covered on the chronicle, with its head facing north. Among them, this stone is 74cm long, 74cm wide and15.5cm thick. Draw a fine chess and carve 32 lines of official script, with a total of 982 words. Wen Zhi recorded his family background in detail, describing Shangguan's grandfather for three generations in nearly half a space, while his grandfather Shangguan Yi listed more than ten official positions. However, the description of Shangguan Waner's experience is quite short. It is mainly recorded that Shangguan Waner was a talented person of Emperor Taizong for thirteen years. Later Jieyu, Zhao Rong and Zhao Yi were taller than gifted scholars. In 705 AD, Tang Zhongzong Shenlong's 42-year-old book was Zhao Rong. Later, she asked the emperor to demote herself to Jieyu. Tang Long died in the political revolution at the age of 47.
For a long time, because Tang Waner's grandfather Shangguan Yi's epitaph clearly recorded that he was from Shaanxi, Shangguan Waner was always regarded as a Sanmenxia native. But the epitaph says that Shangguan Yuer is "a native of Shangyu in Longxi, that is, Tianshui in Gansu." Why is Shangguan Yi from Sanmenxia, Henan and Shangguan Waner from Gansu?
According to the epitaph, the ancestors of Shangguan family came from Levin family, which was in the reign of Levin in Zhuan Xu. During the Warring States Period, his son Lan was appointed as a doctor too much, from which Shangguan Shi came. "In the Han Dynasty, the Shangguan family moved from Chu in the south to Tianshui in Gansu, and then there was a branch. Some went to Sanmenxia, Henan Province, and Shangguan Yi was from Sanmenxia, which is not contradictory to the ancestral home in Gansu mentioned in Wan'er's epitaph. " Yu Gengzhe, a professor at the School of History and Culture of Shaanxi Normal University, explained.
However, who wrote Shangguan Waner's epitaph is not mentioned in the epitaph. Experts speculate that the epitaph may have been written by Zhang Shuo or Duke Cui Qi every day, because both of them were important scholars in Wan'er's life. According to historical records, 150 "Shangguan Shi Monument" was written from 0755 to 79000. However, archaeologists found no monument around Wan'er's tomb, and the identity of the person who wrote Wan'er's epitaph is still unclear.
Married two emperors.
According to historical records, Shangguan family was born in a noble family. Shangguan Yi, the grandfather of Shangguan Waner, is the most prominent member of Shangguan family and the prime minister of Tang Gaozong. Because he drafted the imperial edict to abolish Wu Zetian as emperor, he was killed by Wu Hou, which brought trouble to the whole family. Shangguan Waner, a freshman, followed her mother Zheng as a bridesmaid. However, Zheng never gave up the education of Shangguan Waner. Under her careful guidance, Wan'er gradually emerged. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, she was appreciated by Wu Zetian for her outstanding literary talent, and her fate changed dramatically. She jumped from a maid-in-waiting to the darling of marquis Wu. In the first year of Tang Zhongzong Shenlong, Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prince Li Xian took this opportunity to reset and restore the title of Datang. "Because Wan'er is very talented, and more importantly, she may have participated in planning this coup, so Zhongzong appreciates her." Li Ming said. According to Cui Daily, "Zhongzong ascended the throne, which made him the master of the country and won deep trust. Seek worship for Zhao Rong. "
However, it is clearly recorded in the epitaph that Wan'er was named a gifted scholar in Tang Gaozong at the age of 65 and Zhao Rong in Tang Zhongzong at the age of 42. "This is never recorded in the history books, subverting previous records. In other words, Wan'er married two fathers and two sons, Tang Gaozong and Tang Zhongzong. " Li Ming said that Wu Zetian's experience is very similar. According to historical records, Wu Zetian/Kloc-entered the palace at the age of 0/4 and became a talent of Emperor Taizong. She became a monk because she had no children. After the death of Emperor Taizong, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi, the son of Emperor Taizong, took him back to the palace and made him a Zhao Yi. "From Wan'er's experience, when she was 13 years old, she was enslaved. The identity of Tang Gaozong talents may be specially designated by Wu Zetian, just to give Wan'er a name to get rid of official slaves or imperial power. " Li Ming speculated.
As for whether Shangguan Waner is in trouble, there is no clear record in the epitaph. However, the epitaph recorded in detail the fact that Wan'er discouraged the "imperial concubine". With the acquiescence of Wei, she demanded the status of "Queen of Taiwan Province Province" and wanted to be a Chu army. To this end, she "drank the poisoned wine and fell to the ground and died", trying to fight with death. After being rescued, Wan'er repeatedly asked to be demoted, so Tang Zhongzong had to demote him as An Jieyu. "Although there is no record of Wan'er's suicide in the history books, it is incorrect to try to contain Wei Hou's historical analysis by combining the records of Wan'er's collusion with Princess Taiping after the death of Emperor Zhong. She and Princess Taiping are in the same camp. " Du Wenyu, vice president of Chinese Tang History Society and professor of Shaanxi Normal University, said.
Who was buried?
Regarding the cause of death of Shangguan Waner, the information provided by the epitaph is basically consistent with the historical documents. "Just a little hide, only that she died of chaos. The content is similar to the records of Old Tang Shu Zhao Rong Chuan Shangguan and Zi Zhi Tong Jian. " However, Li Ming thought that the epitaph had a high evaluation of Shangguan Waner's death, and recorded that Shangguan Waner's epitaph was engraved with Tang Ruizong's name and was posthumously awarded a palindrome of posthumous title. This is not the same as Wei Ruyun who was killed at the same time and Princess Anle who was exiled to Shu Ren to fight against Shu Ren. "The image is more positive. This is because Shangguan Waner has a good relationship with Princess Taiping. Her entire funeral and subsequent literature compilation were presided over by Princess Taiping. " The epitaph also specifically mentioned: "Princess Taiping was very sad and directly gave 500 silks to express her condolences. The purpose of these words is to plan ahead. " It is understood that 500 pieces of silk were a large sum of money at that time, equivalent to the purchasing power of about 500 thousand today.
Because Shangguan Waner is closely related to Princess Taiping. After Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, gained real power and a stable position, Li Longji overthrew Princess Taiping and her remaining political parties through a coup. "At this time, the tomb of Shangguan Waner may be involved. At present, people find that the mausoleum has been destroyed, probably after Li Longji got rid of Princess Taiping. What was destroyed was the tomb of Shangguan Zhao Rong.
Shangguan Waner was born in the early stage of power struggle in Wuhou and died in the early stage of power struggle in Xuanzong. According to the funeral etiquette in Tang Dynasty, married women were buried with their husbands, while unmarried women were buried with their fathers. Shangguan Waner, a native of Zhao Rong, Tang Zhongzong, was buried in Dingling, Tang Zhongzong. But the epitaph says that she was buried in Hongdu Garden, Maodao Township, Xianyang County, Yongzhou. Because Hongdu is a traditional aristocratic cemetery? Or are there other more direct reasons? I look forward to the next archaeological discovery and solve this mystery.