First of all, directing is a job, a unique occupation of television. Generally, it is about documentary TV works such as TV special programs and documentaries. Most schools have set up almost all the editing and directing majors to train talents for the future TV media.

First, the emergence of TV program directors

In our country, just as there was no TV feature film at the beginning, the TV director did not exist at the beginning.

Television directors can be said to have emerged with the appearance of TV feature films.

With the rapid development of TV, special programs are gradually separated from news programs and have their own unique fixed forms.

In these changes, the names of TV editors and directors are more and more fixed, the division of labor is more and more clear, the responsibilities are more and more clear, and the status is more and more important.

Second, the difference between a TV program director and a film director

Director: a position in artistic creation such as drama and film. The responsibility is to make artistic conception according to the script, draw up artistic treatment plan and director plan, organize and guide rehearsal or shooting, and embody the script content into a specific stage and screen image through the creative practice of actors and related personnel, so as to achieve the predetermined performance purpose.

It must be noted that director and director are not the same thing. For example, Jia is the director. After he finished writing Xiao Wu's play, he should try to turn it into an active image on the screen. This transformation process is integrated into the director's personal style, which is more like an artistic creation.

TV program director refers to the most important creative core work in TV documentary works. Specifically, it refers to the systematic creative activities of selecting valuable themes from real life for planning, interviewing, making shooting outlines, organizing shooting, editing and making, and finally checking the works. It also refers to people who are engaged in this work.

For example, Hunan's famous TV program Love at Eight o'clock, Love Actually, Love Story and X-Files, the task of the director is to find valuable clues, then interview and shoot them, and make these materials into TV programs.

The difference between a TV director and a film director;

1, from the perspective of artistic creation:

Director: Non-original works are movies and audio-visual.

TV Director: Is there duality in creation? Not only the originality of the work, but also the expression of the selected content (theme), that is, TV. This determines that the creative activities of TV directors must run through the whole process of early and late creation of works.

2. From the work situation:

Film directors emphasize artistic creation and fully embody artistic individuality;

Television directors should serve social reality, political situation and other current affairs, some of which are? Yes, sir? His works have no artistic features.

3. In organizational form.

① Similarity: both film directors and TV directors are in the position of directors, leaders and publishers of artistic creation organizations, and both decide the direction and form of creation and lead the creative collective to complete the creative task together;

The difference is that the TV director must also be the creator of the content of the work, and decide the theme, dominant idea, connotation and depth of the work. His command is more comprehensive and thorough.

4. As far as working conditions are concerned:

Scope of work: director is simpler than director? Generally, you only need to concentrate on artistic creation, and you are only responsible for solving problems within the scope of artistic creation. Other related matters shall be handled by specialized personnel such as producers, who shall perform their duties; Television directors and directors are often producers. In addition to artistic creation, they have to deal with society and take care of everything themselves.

② Controllability: From the perspective of creation (especially shooting),

The film director has strong control, so the work tension is relatively low;

Because of the documentary nature of TV director's creation, it is uncontrollable in his creation (shooting)? First, the content of documentary works is the ever-changing real life. In the process of creation (shooting), with the development of events and the comprehensive understanding of things, the creative direction, theme and even theme may change, and these sometimes need to be decided immediately, so TV directors are often in a state of high tension. Second, the controllability of documentary works, such as the subject, is relatively poor.

(3) Dependence on objective conditions: Film directors are not very dependent on objective conditions in shooting. Television directors have great dependence on objective conditions in the filming of documentary works.

5. Time requirement: the film production cycle is generally long, and there is a certain tolerance in the completion time; Most TV works have fixed broadcast time, short production cycle and strict time requirements.

6. Production funds: film directors have certain financial guarantee, and generally do not need to consider financial issues; The funds for TV editing and directing are fixed and often very tight. Sometimes we must try to raise money.

Through comparison, it can be seen that TV editing and directing should be done well. Hiro? Again? Major? , both? Quick? Again? Okay？ .

? Hiro? Refers to the TV program directed by the director, whose theme will involve all aspects of social life; Genre may be news, records, special topics or even parties and TV plays; Personnel should not only lead their own film crew, but also deal with all aspects of society; Economically, you often have to manage your own money, not only to spend money, but also to raise money and collect money back.

? Major? Does that mean that you should not only know every link of TV production, but also know how to allocate all aspects of manpower and material resources, and how to shoot TV dramas? Theme? With what? Genre? Art rules.

? Quick? Does it mean that TV programs produced should not only emphasize the timeliness of content, but also emphasize the speed and efficiency of production, and must not be broadcast? Open the skylight? .

? Okay？ That is, there are excavations on the theme, new tricks in form and new ideas in style, which not only satisfy the leaders, the audience, but also satisfy themselves.

It can be seen that it is very difficult to be an excellent TV director, which is probably much more difficult than being an excellent film director.

Although it is difficult, we must face it. Otherwise, the TV level will never be improved, and it will only suffer forever? Pop culture fast food? Evaluation.

Third, the concept and difference between TV program director and TV program editor

Tv program director not only refers to the most important and core creative work of TV programs, but also refers to the people who do this work.

? Editor? Refers to the organization, review, editing, processing and sorting of manuscripts (works or materials) by news publishing institutions. It is an important link before the final draft is printed. It also refers to people who are engaged in editing.

Obviously editing mainly refers to the later work. It refers to the last process before the broadcast of TV programs, that is, the post-production of TV programs, all the work processes necessary for editing the original material shots into TV programs, such as (writing manuscripts), sorting out the material shots, editing the sound of the pictures (including the use of special effects), recording with language manuscripts, superimposing screen words and graphics, arranging sound effects and music, reviewing and modifying, and finally editing the material shots into broadcast tapes. (Take the editing room of political science and law channel as an example)

The editor of a TV program is not the original creator of the TV program.

The nature of TV program director's work is obviously different from editing, and his creation belongs to originality, not processing and perfection; There are more work links involved, and the workload and scope of work are much larger than that of editing.

First, the professional characteristics of TV directors

1, occupational sensitivity

The so-called career sensitivity means paying special attention to things related to one's career in social life, and being able to find and grasp them in time to make them meaningful to professional work. As the main creators of TV programs, TV directors must have strong professional sensitivity, that is, from a professional point of view, they are good at observing social life, can keenly discover valuable themes, grasp fresh events and phenomena, and focus issues of public concern, thus contributing to their own creation. Otherwise, no one likes reading manuscripts. Therefore, this requires students to have a certain understanding of some social focus issues. This is somewhat contradictory to the current education. Examination-oriented education in senior high schools cannot be changed in a certain period of time. So students are required to pay attention to society with limited time and energy. In fact, some publications are still good, and I have always recommended them to my students. These stories are much better than stories. For example, Southern People Weekly, New Weekly, Southern Weekend and Oriental People Weekly. , just buy expired, cheap.

To be more specific, there are three main aspects to cultivate career sensitivity: (1) career-oriented attention habits; (2) Rich life experience; (3) Rich cultural knowledge.

2, the breadth of knowledge

Because creation may involve many aspects, TV editors and directors should be generalists to some extent, and should contact and learn all kinds of knowledge as much as possible to improve their artistic accomplishment, so as to give full play to the complementary artistic synaesthesia of all kinds of knowledge and improve their creative ability and level.

3. The comprehensiveness of TV business.

The director is the core and leader of the TV program creation group, and also the chief designer and commander-in-chief of the profession, which requires him to be a generalist of TV major, that is, not only to have the ability to select materials, plan, conceive and organize interviews and filming activities, but also to understand and be familiar with the professional characteristics, relevant knowledge and skills of each process of TV creation. Although you don't have to be proficient in everything, some professional tastes are still very beneficial.

4. Macro and Micro

The director is the creator and gatekeeper of TV programs and columns, which largely determines the broadcast quality and level of a program. Therefore, he should not only have the macro consciousness of programs and columns, but also pay close attention to and check the programs and columns in detail. For example, the use of lens, the coordination of explanation and picture, the mistakes and omissions in broadcasting, the sound quality of the picture, the editing of the host's background picture, and even subtitles.

Second, the quality of TV directors.

1, politics, ideology, quality, quality

To grasp the correct direction of public opinion and provide excellent TV works for the broad audience, the director must have a certain political mind, a higher level of policy theory and a higher ideological quality and moral cultivation. These include:

⑴ Political quality: It has a certain level of political thought, strong political sensitivity, strong sense of social responsibility and analytical ability, which makes its ideology highly consistent with the values and moral standards of mainstream society. Try to look as young as 14. That day was a naive IQ. Only 5% people in China have received higher education. Knowledgeable people don't watch TV. Although this is a disgusting rule, you can't mix it on TV without it.

⑵ Ideological quality: strong dedication and professionalism; The belief of pursuing truth and serving the audience; A clean and honest work style. This is more serious, in fact, the real TV works are not like this. But our education and exams still like to be idealized.

2. TV professional quality

⑴ Should have profound theoretical knowledge: Solid and systematic basic theoretical knowledge is the foundation for forming high-level application ability. Only by combining solid professional theoretical knowledge and skills can we create good works.

⑵ Understand and master the professional knowledge and skills of TV: TV is a comprehensive art, and the director must first have strong artistic creation ability of TV, and be proficient in and good at using lens language for artistic expression; Secondly, we should be familiar with the professional knowledge of all aspects of creation, such as interview (early and late), camera shooting, lighting, writing, editing, music, sound, special effects, subtitles and so on.

3. Aesthetic accomplishment and artistic appreciation

In order to obtain good communication effect, TV works should not only be satisfied with spreading content and information to the audience, but also bring aesthetic enjoyment and edification to the audience. Therefore, on the one hand, directors should strive to improve their artistic appreciation ability and use artistic principles flexibly, on the other hand, they should give full play to their artistic imagination to make their works have internal beauty and external beauty; We should also learn a little audience psychology to improve the communication effect of our works.

4. Organizational and social skills

TV creation essentially belongs to the work of dealing with society, people and environment. The production of TV programs is a collective creative activity, which requires the director not only to have the ability to communicate effectively with all parties outside, but also to have considerable organizational ability and appeal to make all processes work together.

The position and function of TV director

Television director is an important part of television communication and must obey the fundamental task of television stations. However, as an independent work department, TV program director also undertakes specific tasks and plays an irreplaceable role in the whole program production process.

First, the status of TV director

1, organizer:

2. Created by:

3. Leadership:

4. Producer:

The director of TV programs must combine good content into excellent TV programs and dedicate them to the audience through the determination of themes, conception, shooting and the selection and processing of materials. In this process, the TV program director undertakes the task of originality and TV, and plays an important role in creation, control and intermediary.

Second, the role of TV director

(1) The TV program editor is responsible for the overall synthesis work, and reprocesses the program material to make the program finally take shape.

(2) as a TV program editor? The janitor? It plays an important role in determining the quality of the program.

The meaning of customs supervision is extremely broad, including political customs, facts, words and forms. For example, in TV news programs, editors complete the combination of TV news pages by sorting news items and choosing broadcast time.

Seeking truth from facts mainly refers to the objective truth principle in TV program editing.

Text clearing requires editors to carefully polish and delete the text draft and narration (text draft, report and commentary) to make the text orderly and easy to understand, enhance the acceptability of the program and improve the quality level of the program.

The formal clearing of the scene requires TV directors to constantly improve the communication style of the program, increase the appreciation of the program and create fine products with their own aesthetic taste and cultivation.

Specific tasks of TV director

First, the tasks in the early stage of creation

The pre-editing and directing work includes several basic contents:

1, Topic: As a director, choosing the right theme is half the battle. The general topic selection is mainly based on these points: first, the requirements of the times; Second, audience interest; Third, the economic and technical conditions of this television organization; Fourth, if broadcast in a column, we should consider the positioning, objectivity and tone of the column.

2. Conception and determination of shooting scheme: The director should make in-depth and creative thinking on the selected theme on the basis of understanding the selected theme or previous interviews, so as to determine the theme, expression form and basic structure and formulate the shooting outline.

3. Preparation before shooting: Whether the preparation before shooting is sufficient is directly related to whether the shooting can be carried out smoothly. The preparatory work before shooting mainly includes: (1) preparing for the establishment of a TV film crew and carrying out a reasonable and strict division of labor; (2) Understanding and investigating the subject, venue and environment. (3) Preparation of shooting equipment and equipment.

Second, the task of shooting an interview

Shooting and interviewing are the most important links to obtain images and sound materials in TV creation. During this period, the director should contact with the outside world to determine the shooting location, time and other specific matters; Second, the filming process and interview should be arranged internally; Third, we should schedule the scene at the shooting site, arrange or direct the shooting and guide the on-site interview. Find problems, make timely decisions and deal with them; Fourth, sometimes the director is also a photographer, change the director or host. At this time, we should pay attention to the overall situation.

Third, the editing task of post-production

Post-editing is an extremely important job for directors. During this period, the main work of the director is: (1) reviewing and finalizing the manuscript; (2) explain your creative ideas and requirements to the editor; (3) Guide the editing of TV films, and grasp the expression, rhythm and style of pictures and sounds of works; (4) the use of special effects, subtitles and other technical means; (5) Check and check carefully and comprehensively. ;