The first is the influence of traditional ideas. In the traditional concept of our country, schools are places to train talents and employers are places to consume talents. They have no common responsibilities and obligations, so many enterprises would rather choose and recruit talents from the talent market than participate in talent training in colleges and universities. Some large and medium-sized enterprises with good benefits and strong strength can easily find high-quality talents in the talent market under the severe employment situation of college graduates at present, so they will have some inertia and speculative psychology when participating in talent training and lack subjective consciousness.
Second, the national policies and measures are not perfect. The government advocates and supports enterprises to participate in cooperative education only verbally and on paper. In a large number of relevant policy documents issued by the government, many of them advocate higher education to take the road of cooperation between industry and university, but there are few operational policy implementation rules that are compatible with the spirit of these documents, which makes the government's advocacy unable to be realized through specific operational actions.
Third, there are problems in colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities have misunderstandings and only pay attention to cooperation with well-known enterprises at home and abroad or large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, which is of course conducive to winning more education investment for the school, improving the quality and level of talent training in colleges and universities and the popularity of the school. However, well-known enterprises or large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are only a few, and there are many conditions for them to choose cooperative institutions. If the organization regards them as the only optional partners, the possibility of successful cooperation is very small. In fact, a large number of private small and medium-sized enterprises in China are the main demanders of high-quality talents at present, and they are also the largest and most potential groups to cooperate with universities. Therefore, colleges and universities must get out of the misunderstanding as soon as possible, pay full attention to the cooperation needs of the vast number of private small and medium-sized enterprises, and actively use their educational resources to achieve "win-win".
Fourth, the impact of enterprise restructuring. Since the modern enterprise system reform of state-owned enterprises in China in 1990s, many large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises at the critical stage have encountered some problems, such as poor production and operation, redundant personnel being diverted to other posts, and the difficulty in implementing the new system. Without solving these problems, it is difficult for enterprises to spare energy to participate in cooperative education projects in colleges and universities. At the same time, due to the imperfect system of selecting and employing people in enterprises, many enterprises have not yet explored a set of methods to meet the demand for talents, which will also affect the decision-making orientation of enterprises for cooperative education.
Fifth, the impact of cost-benefit analysis. As an independent economic entity pursuing profit maximization, it is an important strategic choice for enterprises to attach importance to cost-benefit analysis. At present, enterprises generally adopt two ways to meet the demand for talents: one is to cultivate by themselves or entrust institutions, and the other is to introduce directly through the talent market. Both methods will generate certain costs. In this case, cost-benefit analysis has become an important tool for enterprises to make choices. If school-enterprise cooperation is to be included in the enterprise plan, the enterprise must calculate or estimate its related costs and benefits, and compare its results with those of direct introduction of talents to choose the most efficient way. From this point of view, enterprises lack the enthusiasm to participate in school-enterprise cooperation, the main reason is that the cost of choosing cooperative school-running mode is too high, or the income obtained by enterprises can not compensate the cost of talent training. On the other hand, enterprises in China have basically realized the transformation from the original fixed-term restriction to the flexible contract system. Under the contract system, if there is no other agreement or convention, the employment relationship will be maintained in full accordance with the terms of the contract. In this case, the chances of employees changing jobs are greatly increased. If enterprises participate in school-enterprise cooperation and spend a lot of money on vocational training, this part of investment will be lost because of employee job-hopping, which will obviously affect the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in school-enterprise cooperation.
Sixth, enterprises lack innovation. At present, many enterprises in our country take the road of extensive development, relying on cheap domestic labor to temporarily gain product price advantage, rather than relying on scientific and technological progress and the high quality of workers, which greatly restricts the innovative spirit of enterprises. Without innovation, enterprises will lose the demand for skilled talents at the corresponding level, which also inhibits the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in higher vocational training.
In view of the fact that school-enterprise cooperation is a brand-new educational concept and a systematic project, in order to effectively break through the above difficulties and effectively promote school-enterprise cooperation, we should actively take multi-dimensional countermeasures:
First, establish a government-led management system. First, give full play to the government's macro-control function. The government should stand at a strategic height beyond the local interests of universities and enterprises, give full play to its macro-control function from a global, holistic and long-term perspective, formulate corresponding policies and regulations as soon as possible, coordinate the interests of both sides, and guide and encourage both sides to strengthen cooperation. The second is to set up an organization, management and coordination organization for school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. In order to ensure the healthy development of school-enterprise cooperation, in addition to the necessary macro-control, governments at all levels must also take the lead in setting up corresponding organizations and management institutions, vigorously carry out theoretical research and practical exploration of school-enterprise cooperation, promote the combined investment of funds and policies in school-enterprise cooperation with efficient policy measures and management methods, and ensure the smooth development of school-enterprise cooperation. The third is to encourage and guide school-enterprise cooperation with funds as leverage. The government can use funds as a lever to make a plan inclined to school-enterprise cooperation and give priority to supporting school-enterprise cooperation projects; In addition, the government should raise funds in various ways, set up a special fund for school-enterprise cooperation, and establish a fund direction tracking system to give full play to the incentive function of the special fund. The fourth is to formulate and improve policies and regulations to ensure school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. The government should directly adjust the environmental conditions of school-enterprise cooperation through corresponding policies and regulations to ensure that all parties in the cooperation must perform their duties, effectively exercise their rights and protect their interests, and make the school-enterprise cooperation develop healthily, stably and continuously.
Secondly, colleges and universities should constantly improve the level and quality of education. First, truly cultivate talents according to the needs of enterprises. From the perspective of colleges and universities, in order to attract enterprises to actively participate in school-enterprise cooperation, it is necessary to let enterprises get "benefits". In the view of enterprises, the biggest "benefit" that can be obtained from colleges and universities is to get high-quality talents and technical services that they urgently need. Therefore, colleges and universities must cultivate talents according to the needs of enterprises and enhance the marketability of talents. The second is to improve the quality of higher education with "research" as a breakthrough. Taking "research" as a breakthrough to improve the quality of higher education, we should not only advocate the scientific research activities of teachers and students, but also let teachers and students actively participate in the technical research of enterprises and help enterprises solve specific technical problems in the production process. It is also necessary to ensure that schools actively contact scientific research institutes to cultivate talents, make up for the shortcomings in the process of school-enterprise cooperation with the help of educational resources of scientific research institutes, and let students know the most cutting-edge scientific and technological information and research results to improve their scientific research literacy. Third, attach importance to education quality management. While improving the organizational structure and rules and regulations, we should do a good job in the planning, organization, implementation, assessment, evaluation, improvement and innovation of school-enterprise cooperation according to the needs of enterprises and the requirements of students' growth, so as to effectively improve the quality of higher education.
Third, build a platform for school-enterprise cooperation and free communication. The first is to open the information channel between schools and enterprises. By establishing and improving the information network of talent supply and demand for universities and related industries and enterprises, timely release the employment information of enterprises, school enrollment information and cooperation intention of both parties for their free choice and "marriage", so that enterprises interested in cooperative training can find suitable universities at the first time, so that distinctive universities can be recognized by the society and cooperation between the two parties can be realized in the shortest time. The second is to establish and improve the intermediary organizations of cooperative education. The institution will collect information on school-enterprise cooperation and promote the realization of cooperation intention, which is a more humanized platform for cooperation and exchange. Third, improve the labor market in the region, make it step into the track of legalization and standardization, become a fair competition place for all kinds of talents at all levels in the region, and reflect the supply and demand of talents in a region in time.
Finally, encourage enterprises to actively innovate and stimulate their demand for school-enterprise cooperation. Encouraging enterprises to actively innovate is an effective way to stimulate enterprises' demand for all kinds of talents from the perspective of internal demand. At present, in the society where we encourage innovation, the technological innovation of enterprises will have special needs for high-skilled talents, such as professional operators and maintenance personnel of special processes and equipment; Management innovation will have special requirements for managers at all levels and organizations of an enterprise, and any innovation of an enterprise involves changes in the requirements for its internal personnel. Therefore, with the long-term continuous promotion of innovation, the talent cultivation and training of enterprises will become a routine activity, and the enthusiasm for cooperation between enterprises and universities will also increase day by day. In addition, enterprises should truly participate in school-enterprise cooperation in running schools, and fully feel that they can gain benefits in saving personnel recruitment costs, shortening the adaptation time of employees, maintaining the stability of employees, reducing the risk of personnel use, and improving corporate social reputation, so as to fully stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in school-enterprise cooperation in running schools.
(The author is an associate professor at Jiangsu Institute of Education)
Editor in charge: Wei Jin