In the Song Dynasty, Guo Zi Xue and Tai Xue (Four Studies, Guang Wen Guan and Bi Yong) were established in imperial academy to teach martial arts, law, medicine, arithmetic, calligraphy and painting with various specialized knowledge and skills. Under imperial academy, Liao had set up schools in Beijing, Zhongjing, Tokyo, Xijing and Nanjing. Jin Guo and Yuan Dynasty imitated Song Dynasty not only set up Guo Zi schools under the jurisdiction of imperial academy, but also set up schools teaching in their own national languages, such as Jurchen Guo Zi School and Mongolian Guo Zi School, also known as imperial academy respectively. Its purpose is to preserve and develop the spoken and written languages of ethnic groups, and to maintain their individual characteristics and traditions. From the Ming Dynasty to the middle of Qing Dynasty, the central official school was only a form of imperial academy. In the Qing Dynasty, the rulers established various schools such as Eight Banners official school, religious school and Jueluo school for the children of their own nation and clan. Such schools pay attention to the training of Manchu writing and riding and shooting skills.

The development of central official schools in the late feudal society has the following characteristics: the official schools in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties all set up primary schools or social schools to educate their children. However, the rise and fall of government-run primary schools are impermanent. In fact, the educational institution that undertakes to educate children is a private school. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, bookstores spread all over urban and rural areas. Its types are: sitting in a library or teaching a library (landlords and gentry hire teachers to teach at home); Home school or private school (teachers set up schools in their own residences to teach); Voluntary learning or voluntary learning (a primary school funded by local or individual to enroll poor children, which is charitable). Compared with the primary schools in the early feudal society, the schools in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were more stereotyped.

In the aspect of children's education, the thoughts of Neo-Confucianism on primary education in Song Dynasty have a wide influence. There are many works about children's moral education in this period, such as Tong Meng Xun in Song Dynasty, Yuan Cai's Yuan, Shao Yi Chuan, Zhu's Primary School and Tong Meng Xun Ling. Lu Desheng's Children's Language, Tu Xiying's Children's Courtesy, Wang's Training Law and so on in the Ming Dynasty. Most famous educators study children's moral education. The development of Mongolian learning has formed a relatively stable teaching content and teaching plan. The teaching of reading, writing and composition is mainly carried out in schools, which is the basic preparation for entering official schools, academies and taking imperial examinations. Moreover, every link of teaching has established a certain order. Such as reading, first of all, focus on literacy. After the child recited more than 1000 words, he began to read three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, thousands of words and four books. At this stage, children are mainly trying to follow and recite. On this basis, teachers teach, focusing on the feudal political thoughts and ethical principles in the book. The order of writing is that the teacher writes by hand first, then draws red, and then enters temporary writing. Before you write your composition, you must practice correctly. The school implements individual guidance, and the teaching progress varies according to the students' acceptance ability. Generally speaking, everyone follows the principle of easy before difficult, and the previous study lays the foundation for the next study. In teaching, teachers pay special attention to reviewing old and new lessons. Teachers organize and guide students to review old and new lessons in a planned and step-by-step way.

The development of Mongolian studies has gradually diversified and systematized Mongolian teaching materials. Famous scholars and educators in Song Dynasty personally compiled books for children's education with a very serious attitude. Later, with the development of learning schools, the types of teaching materials for children increased. There are: children's moral education books, such as What Children Should Know and Primary School. Literacy textbooks, following the Thousand-Character Text, include Instructions for Sexual Theory, Hundred Family Names, San Zi Jing and various practical miscellaneous words. About the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (13rd century), there appeared a literacy textbook mainly based on characters. The classic textbook is Zhu's Notes on Four Books. Literary reading materials include Poems of a Thousand Families, Poems of Wonders, Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and China Ancient Literature Review. History textbooks include various forms of Qiu Meng. There are calligraphy textbooks, red picture books and famous copybooks. Learning textbooks, there was "temperament enlightenment" in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the systematization of school teaching books, I have accumulated rich experience in writing children's books, which also has certain reference value in contemporary times. With the development of Mongolian learning, books on Mongolian teaching methods for children began to appear. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, on the basis of teaching practice, books devoted to the teaching methods of children and Mongolians came out one after another. The famous ones are: Cheng Jiashu's Chronology of Reading in Yuan Dynasty, Wang Yun's Method of Teaching Children in Qing Dynasty, and Cui Xuegu's Xueji, etc. (See color map [Xingtan is said to be the former site of Confucius' lectures, located in the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province] [Biyong in imperial academy, Beijing] [Taixue plaque in imperial academy, Beijing] [Chengxian Street (where imperial academy and Confucius Temple built in Ming and Qing Dynasties are located)], [Donglin Academy (Wuxi, Jiangsu)], [Yuelu Academy (Changsha, Hunan)], [Bailu