In different historical periods, Changsha was once called "Linxiang" and "Tanzhou". The Tang and Song Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the most prosperous periods of Changsha's economy and culture. The well-documented name "Changsha" was first seen in the tribute "Changsha Turtle" in Wang Hui's Yizhoushu more than 3,000 years ago. The bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties unearthed from Tanheli site in Ningxiang county reflect that Changsha at that time had a certain connection with the Central Plains. Changsha has a history of about 2400 years. It was founded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, belonging to Chu State. "Changsha, Chu Suzhi also." After Chu became king, he set up Qianzhong County, with Changsha as his jurisdiction. China was unified by Qin Shihuang, and Changsha County was one of the 36 counties in Qin Dynasty, which was the beginning of Changsha's history in chinese administrative division's name. During the Han Dynasty, Changsha was the capital of Changsha. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Changsha State" was abolished and changed to "Changsha County".
During the Western Jin Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, Changsha was ruled by the county and belonged to the ancient Jingzhou. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Changsha was ruled by the county and was controlled by Hunan.
At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Changsha was the governor of Tanzhou. Later, the state was changed to county, and Changsha was under the jurisdiction of Changsha County. Tanzhou Academy was established in the Tang Dynasty, which was once subordinate to Jiangnan Road and Jiangnan West Road. Changsha kiln flourished in Tang and Five Dynasties and became the birthplace of underglaze color. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Changsha was the capital of Chu, and Chu was the only country established with Changsha as its capital.
Changsha was ruled by Tanzhou in Song Dynasty. The establishment of Yuelu Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty pushed Changsha's cultural education to its peak. Yuan dynasty 1274, changed to tanzhou road, and Huguangxing returned to the province. 128 1 year is still Tanzhou Road, Xuanwei Office of Hunan Road, belonging to Huguangxing Province; In the second year of Tian Li, Yuan Wenzong, it was renamed Tianlin Road because of "the auspicious son of heaven", and it was changed to Tanzhou at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Changsha Prefecture, which was under the administration of Huguang. In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Hunan Province was established, and Changsha was under the jurisdiction of Changsha Government and Hunan Province. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Changsha was known as the four rice markets and the four tea markets, and it was one of the most important rice markets in China.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan became the "first person in Hunan". At that time, Ceng Guoquan, Zuo, Hu Linyi and other important figures appeared in the history of China. They wiped out the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, launched the Westernization Movement and recovered Xinjiang, which had a far-reaching influence on China in the late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Changsha became an important place for political and revolutionary activities. Chen Baozhen and Tan Sitong of the Reform Movement of 1898 founded the School of Current Affairs in Changsha. Later, the Self-Guard Uprising, Huaxinghui, Chen Tianhua, Yao Hongye's public sacrifice, Liu Ping Village Uprising, and the rice-grabbing agitation were all very influential activities. Huang Xing carried out a series of anti-Qing activities in the late Qing Dynasty, which made great contributions to the establishment of the Republic of China.
1911010 On October 22nd, the new rebels led by Jiao Dafeng and Chen recaptured Changsha. 19 15, Cai E, who had studied in the school of current affairs, launched the movement to defend the country.
19 19, Changsha sent a large number of May 4th youths to France to work and study, and Changsha was also one of the founding places of the communist group. He Shuheng, Ren, Cai Hesen, Xiang Jingyu, etc. They are all studying or engaging in political activities in Changsha.
1927 Mao Zedong launched the autumn harvest uprising and tried to attack Changsha; After his failure, he turned to the realistic policy of "countryside surrounding cities".
1933, Changsha was divided into counties and cities, and Changsha was established as the city under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province, and Changsha has since been the capital of Hunan Province.
In June1938165438+10/3, Wenxi fire, the cultural accumulation and ground cultural relics in Changsha since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were almost destroyed.
From 194 1 to 1943, Changsha became a battlefield and became the ninth theater headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army. The Japanese army once launched three battles of Changsha and Heng Chang for Changsha at any cost, which shows the importance of Changsha.
1949 On August 5th, Changsha formally established the * * * regime. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Changsha began to rebuild and develop. Changsha is a place where Mao Zedong, one of the main founders of People's Republic of China (PRC), studied and engaged in revolutionary activities in his early days, and is regarded as a revolutionary holy land.
From August 1949 to August 1958, it only governs cities and suburbs, not counties;
After 1959, it was the period of governing the county, which was under the jurisdiction of the county;
1August, 949, Changsha city governs eight districts, namely, Chengdong District, Chengnan District, Chengxi District, Chengbei District, Wen Yi District, Jinpen District, Yuelu District and rejuvenation District, and 82 treasures, 1838A.
1August, 950, the Baojia system was abolished.
1955 10, there are 306 neighborhood committees and 2909 residents' groups in the four districts of east, south, west and north, and the name of the district has been removed.
1957, the four districts have jurisdiction over 26 streets (East 6, South 5, West 8 and North 7), 275 neighborhood committees and 2,766 residents' groups; Suburbs have jurisdiction over 7 townships, 1 town and 44 villages.
1September 1958, villages and towns were abolished and people's communes were established. Wan Nianhong, Dongfeng, Yuelu Commune and 18 Brigade were established in the suburbs. The urban area has jurisdiction over 4 districts, 25 streets, 233 neighborhood committees and 273 1 residents' group.
1958 65438+February, Changsha County and Wangcheng County were placed under the jurisdiction of Changsha City.
1Feb. 959, the suburbs were abolished. In March, Wang Chang and Wangwang counties merged and became Changsha County, which was under the leadership of Changsha City. Changsha has jurisdiction over 25 streets, 5 towns, 26 communes, 227 neighborhood committees and 2,489 residents' groups.
197765438+February, the organizational system of Wangcheng County was restored, and Changsha County was divided into Changsha and Wangcheng counties.
By the end of 1978, Changsha had jurisdiction over 5 districts and 2 counties, 16 counties, 84 communes, 6 towns, 29 streets, 1 132 brigade and 308 neighborhood committees.
1February, 983, Liuyang, Ningxiang and Xiangyin were placed under the jurisdiction of Changsha, and Xiangyin County was immediately placed under the jurisdiction of Yueyang.
1 In February, 1984,1suburban people's communes, which governed four counties in Changsha, were successively changed to townships (towns) with the same names.
1993 65438+ 10, Liuyang was changed from county to city. 1July, 995, the county (city) was withdrawn and the township was established. Changsha has jurisdiction over 5 districts and 3 counties 1 city, 38 streets, 67 towns, 53 townships, 648 neighborhood committees, 309 1 village.
1996, the division of jurisdiction was adjusted, the suburbs were abolished, and five districts of Furong, Tianxin, Yuelu, Kaifu and Yuhua were established.
By the end of 2002, Changsha had jurisdiction over 5 districts, 3 counties 1 city, 54 streets, 79 towns, 39 townships, 568 neighborhood committees and 2727 villages.
In 2007, Changsha had jurisdiction over five districts including Furong District, Tianxin District, Yuelu District, Kaifu District and Yuhua District, and four counties (cities) including Changsha County, Wangcheng County, Ningxiang County and Liuyang City. Each district, county (city) governs 83 towns, 3 more than in 2006. In 2007, there were 3 1 township and 53 streets. Township and street jurisdiction 1258 villages and 566 communities, the same as in 2006.
In 2008, Pingtang, Hanpu, Lianhua and Yuchangping in Wangcheng County were placed under Yuelu District, and Leifeng Town was entrusted by Wangcheng County to Changsha High-tech Development Zone for management. In August of the same year, Shaoguang Community Neighborhood Committee of Langli Town, Changsha County was officially placed under the jurisdiction of Dongan Township, Furong District. So far, the urban area of Changsha has changed from 573 square kilometers to 975 square kilometers.
On July 20 1 1, Wangcheng was divided into districts and became the urban area of Changsha, and the urban area of Changsha increased from 975 square kilometers to 1938 square kilometers.
20 15 65438+ 10/4, Muyun Street and Nantuo Street in Changsha County are included in Tianxin District, and Tiaoma Town in Changsha County is included in Yuhua District. So far, the urban area of Changsha has increased to 2 185km.
1980 in the early days of reform and opening up, the gap between Changsha's economy and coastal cities gradually increased; In the late period of 1990, Changsha began to enter a period of rapid development and became an important central city in the central and western regions.