2. Methods of children's education in primitive society: ① Demonstration and explanation. (Main methods) ② Observation and imitation. (3) Reward and criticism.
3. Pre-school education in ancient Egypt: the family is the school and the parents are the teachers.
4. Ancient Hebrews: Preschool education was entirely for saving the country and inheriting the tradition. (1) Family education period. Read classics and attend religious festivals. Take advantage of various religious festivals.
Educate children on religious and moral awareness. (2) the period of schooling. The synagogue is the center of education and worship. Establish a school in a synagogue.
5. Pre-school education in Sparta: Cultivate all descendants of Spartan slave owners into warriors with strong body and strong character, who hate hard work and obey their elders. Infants and young children receive Spartan family upbringing and education from the very beginning. The mother is mainly responsible for the specific implementation. Think that any child is the wealth of the country, and it is the responsibility of the country to educate them.
6. Pre-school education in Athens: There are many training objectives, not only to train soldiers who are good at fighting, but also to train the younger generation into politicians with cultural knowledge, eloquent thinkers, shrewd businessmen and ruling talents at all levels of the country who are good at making suggestions. For the younger generation, it not only emphasizes physical education and moral education, but also attaches great importance to intellectual education and aesthetic education, and educates children in the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. The remarkable characteristics of pre-school education in ancient Greece and Athens are familyization, autonomy and diversification. Family school where children learn first; Mother is the earliest teacher; Moral, intellectual and physical beauty are many aspects of children's learning.
7. Pre-school education in ancient Rome. (1) Republican period: ① Pre-Republican period: Family education of "farmers and soldiers" was implemented. (2) Late Republic: The orator became the fundamental purpose of education in this period. There are wet nurses, Greek nannies and Greek teachers at home. Children are required to cultivate a sense of responsibility and loyalty to the Republic, cultivate their courage and strong will, develop the habit of neatness, modesty and restraint, and improve their self-esteem. (2) Imperial period: training officials who are loyal to the empire and teachers who instill cultural ideas. The characteristics of pre-school education in ancient Rome are: the family is generally responsible for early childhood education, laying an early foundation for the realization of educational goals.
8. Plato's pre-school education thought "Republic": Plato is the earliest thinker who discusses pre-school education in the history of western education. (1) The problem of eugenics. (2) Advocating that everyone should live a collective public life. The purpose of storytelling is to let children form a good character in line with future national defense. ④ About children's spiritual education and physical education.