The variables of individual differences do not include consciousness differences. Tolman believes that behavior originates from learners' observation of the surrounding environment. He believes that all behaviors reach the level of consciousness in one way or another, and once an individual understands a certain meaning, learning takes place. Learning is to know and understand the meaning of a goal, acquire information and concepts, and know everything it touches in the contact environment, thus forming consciousness.

What is individual difference?

There are two aspects to distinguish imbalance and individual differences in pedagogy:

1, with different performance.

The imbalance of individual physical and mental development is manifested in two aspects. One is the imbalance of development speed, and the change and development of different age groups are unbalanced. Second, the development in all aspects is uneven. Physiologically, for example, the nervous system and lymphatic system mature first, and the reproductive system matures later. The individual difference of individual physical and mental development refers to the difference of development degree and speed between individuals and different aspects of individual physical and mental development.

2. The evaluation objects are different.

Imbalance refers to the change or development speed of "individual's own different stages". For example, there is a critical period and adolescence develops rapidly. Everything is for yourself. Individual difference refers to the physical and mental development between individuals. For example, there are differences in personality and psychological characteristics or intellectual development between different children.

Extended data:

Enlightenment of individual differences

1, pay attention to early education. Children have great intellectual potential. If stimulated in the best period of children's development, it may promote their intelligence to play better. Reasonable early education can not only promote the development of children's intelligence, but also help to find more children with special talents at an early stage.

2. Emphasize all-round development. Early education should not only emphasize intellectual education but ignore the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Piaget once pointed out that the emotional, social and cognitive aspects of children's behavior cannot be completely separated.

3. Advocate teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Individual teaching was widely used in ancient schools. /kloc-class system appeared in Europe in the 0/6th century. Class collectivity plays a positive role in educating students, but it is easy to ignore individual differences in class. After World War II, the United States implemented student-centered teaching methods in various forms to replace the traditional class system.