The basic idea of Chinese course is "Chinese course should also pay attention to improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetics, so that they can gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty". Therefore, Chinese teaching has a unique aesthetic function. We should make full use of this function in Chinese teaching, cultivate students' healthy aesthetic consciousness and shape them into a new generation with noble morality and active thoughts. Mr. Guo Moruo linked aesthetic education with social change. He said, "Man: One of the fundamental steps of social transformation should be the transformation of man. The fundamental transformation of people should start with children's emotional education and aesthetic education. " Chinese aesthetic education in primary schools aims to enable students to learn and master the most basic aesthetic knowledge through Chinese teaching activities such as literacy, reading and composition, and initially have the ability of aesthetic perception, appreciation and judgment of language, writing and articles. So how to cultivate students' aesthetic ability in Chinese teaching in primary schools?

First, guide observation and cultivate students' aesthetic perception ability in observation.

Students' aesthetic sensibility is the ability of aesthetic senses to directly perceive aesthetic objects. Suhomlinski said: "Observing, listening and experiencing what you see and hear is like a window to a better world." Therefore, I think it is very important to teach children to see and feel beauty.

Students' aesthetic perception ability can be cultivated through observation. Therefore, in teaching, we should guide students to observe static beauty to dynamic beauty, natural beauty to social beauty, external formal beauty to internal spiritual beauty, and gradually cultivate students' aesthetic perception ability. Especially for students' perceptual psychology, we should use audio-visual media to reproduce the situation as much as possible, and use external forms such as lines, shapes, colors and sounds to reproduce the colorful images in the text concretely and intuitively, so that the images can be transformed from the indirect representation of language to the direct representation of some material, which will increase the intensity of strong perception, let students be in the atmosphere of beauty, discover beauty and feel beauty through vision and hearing, and thus improve the sensitivity, activity and initiative of aesthetic senses. For example, when observing formal beauty, we should first guide students to perceive bright colors, pleasant acoustics and rich fragrance, and then guide students to observe the beauty of objective things-symmetry, proportion, harmony and rigor. After observing the static beauty of standing pine trees and towering lighthouses, let students observe the floating clouds, running rivers and galloping horses, and feel the dynamic beauty is more vivid and full of vitality. When guiding students to perceive the inner spiritual beauty, let them understand through concrete examples that the outer beauty is beautiful, but if it is combined with the inner spiritual beauty, it will be even more beautiful. For example, in the lesson "The Old Cow", the description of the old cow is as follows: "It walks very slowly and looks very peaceful, its bony belly, its beautiful horns, its clean hair and its huge trunk showing bones?" The "skinny" and "trunk with skeleton exposed" here are not all beautiful, but when we think about the meaning of this passage in context, we realize that it is about the patience and calmness of the old cow. When we write about the old cow for many years, we feel that it is a calm beauty and an inner beauty of spiritual sublimation.

Second, taste the language and cultivate students' aesthetic appreciation ability from the language.

Cultivating students' aesthetic ability should be based on their physiological and psychological characteristics and with the help of language training. By guiding students to read aloud and taste the language, we can cultivate their correct aesthetics and healthy aesthetics, so that they can gradually understand what aesthetics is. In teaching, through language analysis, I put myself in the position of telling the beautiful and moving artistic realm expressed by language. So as to arouse students' imagination and association, make them moved and moved, and improve their aesthetic ability in a subtle way. There is a passage in the article "Young Leap Earth": "There is a golden full moon hanging in the deep blue sky, and there are endless green watermelons on the beach below. In the meantime, a boy of eleven or twelve, wearing a silver ring and holding a steel fork, turned over and got on the horse.

Yan tried his best to stab, but Yan wriggled away from his crotch. "This painting is composed of scenery, characters and narrative, giving a very beautiful impression. The author has carefully chosen colorful words such as "deep blue", "golden yellow" and "green" to decorate "sky", "full moon" and "watermelon" respectively, which makes people feel that the sky at the seaside in summer is so high and vast, and the earth is so bright and quiet, giving people a good feeling. In this beautiful and moving picture, the static description of natural scenery is combined with the dynamic description of characters' activities, and the beautiful seaside night scene is in harmony with the brave teenager, which constitutes a magical picture and gives people a kind of enjoyment of artistic conception. For these sentences, I instruct students to read them repeatedly, so that students can taste the exquisiteness of language and imagine the beauty of artistic conception, and experience the beauty of artistic conception and language sense in reading. Because I don't cultivate my own aesthetic ability in isolation, but closely follow the language of the text to guide students to appreciate the beauty of scenery and the beauty of language expression, so students not only cultivate their own aesthetic ability, but also get profound language training.

Third, pay attention to analysis and cultivate aesthetic judgment ability in analysis and comparison.

Pupils have poor perceptual knowledge, weak abstract generalization ability, vague and uncertain aesthetic judgment, and sometimes even rashness. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to make concrete and correct analysis of objective things, so that students can form aesthetic judgment ability in analysis and comparison. For example, in the teaching of "Lao Niu", students have several completely different views on Lao Niu. Some people think that the old cow is honest and miserable. How can it be a beautiful image? Some people think that the old cow bears the burden of humiliation, works hard and has a kind heart, which is a kind of steady beauty and kind beauty. I will guide the students to analyze and discuss according to the description of the text. After analysis and discussion, students will have a unified understanding of the inner beauty of the old cow, thus forming a more correct aesthetic judgment ability.

Fourth, develop imagination and cultivate students' ability to express and create beauty.

Aesthetic education not only requires guiding students to feel beauty, taste beauty and appreciate beauty, but also requires cultivating students to express beauty and create beauty in order to achieve the purpose of developing language. Creating beauty is the purpose of aesthetic education and the highest realm of aesthetic education. The ancients said it well: apply what you have learned. If beauty is discovered, it is necessary to express beauty and create beauty, which is the truly perfect and improved aesthetic education. Only when students discover and express beauty according to their own thinking and methods can they embody innovative education and initiative. Imagination is the cornerstone of creation. No imagination, no creation. Without creation, there is no literature and art, and there is no aesthetics. Practice has proved that the size of the imagination field directly affects the breadth of thinking. Teachers should not only feel and appreciate students' aesthetic education, but also seize the opportunity to stimulate students' creative desire, be moved by the object of beauty, and produce subtle spiritual power to create beauty. Beauty is ubiquitous in the real world, and the articles in textbooks are even more beautiful models.

For example, in Li Bai's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, there are two sentences describing the scenery, "I can only see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky." The poet melts into the scenery and expresses his feelings through the scenery, showing a profound artistic conception. In order to develop students' imagination, teachers can assume that "if I were a poet, what would it be like", let students enter the original artistic conception, let students spread their imagination wings according to the teacher's instructions, and experience the poetry of this poem: butterflies fly on both sides of the Yangtze River in spring, flowers bloom, waves roll eastward on the river, and a boat floats to the surface. Put this wonderful imagination into students' understanding and creation of beauty, and then let students speak in groups to express the beauty that everyone will see. Students have developed a rich imagination, from imagination to creation, enriching the content of the text. Thus, their inner feelings about China and the United States are naturally revealed and expressed, and the purpose of aesthetic education is achieved.

Everyone has a love of beauty. Through the improvement of aesthetic cultivation, students can discover the beauty in life, appreciate the beauty around them, and consciously distinguish between beauty and ugliness in real life, so as to actively pursue and create beauty, and treat life and face life with aesthetic eyes.

Cultivating students' aesthetic ability is an important part of Chinese teaching in middle schools. So, how to cultivate students' aesthetic ability? I think it can be done from the following aspects:

First, excavate the beautiful content of the text and cultivate students' aesthetic ability.

In our Chinese textbooks, there are articles such as "Spring in Jinan" and "Winter in Jinan", which praise the great rivers and mountains of the motherland by describing the beauty of nature; There are also articles such as Back, A Chang, Shan Hai Jing that express the beauty of human nature by describing the appearance, movements and language of characters. There are also essays on grammar, rhetoric and calligraphy to help students express healthy thoughts and rich feelings more accurately, vividly and vividly. These are all excellent contents for us to cultivate students' aesthetic ability. In the process of analyzing the text, teachers should consciously grasp the key words, words, sentences and paragraphs, guide students to savor, guide students to explore and appreciate beauty, go deep into the beautiful artistic conception of the work and open the window of students' beauty. Through the excavation of the aesthetic factors contained in the text, students can appreciate beauty from perception to understanding, and then to application and creation, thus cultivating their aesthetic ability.

Second, skillfully design a beautiful classroom structure to cultivate students' aesthetic ability

The structural art of Chinese classroom teaching refers to the art of combining teaching materials in a certain order and method. It requires teachers to arrange the classroom teaching process according to the needs of students' cognitive and psychological development process, break through the stereotyped mechanical programming teaching framework and make students feel fresh. Of course, when considering the classroom teaching structure, we should start from the full text and pay attention to the internal relations of each part. If you are divorced from the complete artistic conception of the work, you will not appreciate its inner beauty.

Litchi Honey is a traditional textbook. How can we innovate? Teachers can achieve the teaching purpose of this paper by designing beautiful structures. After reading the model essay, you can go straight to the subject and ask: which paragraph does the author focus on praising bees? Immediately draw the students' attention to the key paragraph of the text (paragraph 17), and then read paragraphs 6 to 16. On this basis, let the students think: What is the real purpose of the author's praise for bees? Finally, guide students to study what is written in paragraphs 1 to 5 and why. This order and method of classroom combination is just like a teacher guiding students to appreciate an inverted landscape painting. While understanding the lyrical writing of writers praising others by bees, students naturally and profoundly realize that the most beautiful person should be a selfless person for others, thus cultivating students' ability to feel, understand and evaluate beauty.

Thirdly, cultivate students' aesthetic ability by using beautiful teaching language.

Literary works are beautiful works of art, and classroom teaching should use beautiful language to speak, read and analyze. Beautiful language is not only the enjoyment of beauty for students, but also attracts students to explore and perceive beauty in the beautiful artistic conception of works like a magnet. In teaching, first of all, the teaching language should be accurate and concise. The meaning is accurate and clear, the words are precise and vivid, concise and clear, scientific and logical. Secondly, the teaching language should be vivid and emotional. Chinese teaching is different from other courses. Not only to guide students' logical thinking, but also to guide students' thinking in images. Emotion is the core of cultivating students' aesthetic ability. The cultivation of students' aesthetic ability can only be achieved through image analysis and emotional edification. Therefore, teachers need to touch students' heartstrings with passionate and vivid language, so as to resonate with them in thoughts and feelings.

Fourth, create beautiful situations and cultivate students' aesthetic ability.

Creating a beautiful situation in Chinese class can make students feel "immersive", which plays a great role in improving students' mood, activating thinking, expanding imagination and enhancing teaching effect.

There are many ways to create a situation: 1, and design a guide skillfully. Teachers can introduce new courses by stimulating emotions, rendering atmosphere, using famous sentences and developing beautiful artistic conception of works. In short, from the beginning, the teacher will create a strong emotional atmosphere, let students immediately enter the scene, but also induce interest, naturally let students have curiosity and aesthetic desire. 2. Create a beautiful atmosphere. For example, when I talk about Haiyan, I first show the video of the text to enjoy the majestic melody, and then play music accompaniment to let the students read the text and lead them into a beautiful artistic conception. 3. Design beautiful blackboard books. A good blackboard writing design should not only have a relatively complete appearance, but also reflect the internal relations of the works, which is conducive to students' better understanding of the language and structure of the text and the theme and style of the works, so as to enhance understanding, cultivate sentiment and improve aesthetic ability.

With the progress of the times and the reform of teaching, to really cultivate students' aesthetic ability, teachers need to constantly update their educational and teaching concepts, strengthen the cultivation of comprehensive quality, broaden their knowledge fields, and learn and master advanced teaching methods. Only in this way can Chinese classroom teaching be continuously improved on the level of beauty.