Rousseau's theory of natural education is based on his theory of good nature in natural philosophy. In Emile, he systematically expounded the problem of good nature, and thought that education should conform to the development of nature. As far as educational effect is concerned, only the development of nature is superior. Because "everything from the creator's hand is good, but once it reaches people's hands, it will go bad." He will force a piece of land to breed on another piece of land and force a tree to bear the fruit of another tree. " [1](P. 1) "Nature wants children to look like children before they reach adulthood. If we destroy this order, we will create some young doctors and aging children. " [1] (p.84) He thinks that children have their own unique views, ideas and feelings, and it is simply stupid to replace them with those of adults. Rousseau further demonstrated the necessity of education adapting to nature from the perspectives of nature, environment and education. He believes that human growth is influenced by three factors, "or by nature, or by people, or by things." Our talent and internal development of organs are a kind of natural education; Others teach us how to use this kind of education, which is artificial education; This is the education of things, so that we can gain good experience in things that affect us. [1](P.3) Rousseau pointed out that only by coordinating these three aspects of education can children develop normally. In order to achieve this, he thinks: "Of these three different kinds of education, natural education can't be decided by us at all, and only human education can really be controlled by us." [1](P.3) It can be seen that Rousseau requires that the education of "things" and "people" must be combined with the education of "nature" that people can't control, and develop according to the order and requirements of children's natural development, so as to cultivate what he calls "natural people". Of course, Rousseau's "natural person" does not mean to let children "return to nature" and become pure creatures divorced from social life, but refers to "people who are not bound by tradition and develop spontaneously (that is, according to their own nature), independent entities with their own values, and people who are physically and mentally developed and healthy". [2] (page 105- 106)

Based on the educational theory of "returning to nature" and "conforming to nature", Rousseau advocated that education should be carried out according to the age characteristics of the educated. He said: "Treat students according to their age. First of all, we should put him in a proper position, and we should keep him in that position so that he no longer has any attempt to surpass that position. " [1] (page 85) Rousseau advocates that education pursues children's nature, that is, teaching according to children's age characteristics. Nature wants children to be children, not children to become adults. He criticized the feudal scholastic education for ignoring children's natural development, treating children as adults, ignoring the difference between children and adults, ignoring children's unique ability to observe, think and feel, replacing children's ability with adults' ability, and even forcing education suitable for adults on children. In Rousseau's view, this kind of education that sacrifices children's current life experience for their future is tantamount to making children become victims of education. Therefore, Rousseau divided children's education into four stages according to his understanding of the natural process of children's development, and pointed out the physical and mental characteristics and educational tasks of each age stage. He believes that from birth to 2 years old, the education of babies is mainly physical education, and they should be developed according to their natural nature. From 2 years old to 12 years old, children are still in the sleep stage and lack the ability of rational thinking. This period should mainly be sensory education for children. The purpose is to enrich children's sensory experience, develop children's senses and let children learn from experience. From 12 years old to 15 years old, teenagers have some experience and conditions for intellectual training. In the meantime, we should focus on intellectual education. 15 to 20 years old, with the development of people's rational judgment ability, the relationship between people and the relationship between individuals and communities has become an important issue for people at this stage. Therefore, the focus of education at this stage should be moral education, and people should be cultivated into citizens of moral community. From the age of 20, due to the needs of natural development, the love education of young men and women should become the core issue of this stage of education.