In the early Ming Dynasty, Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, represented by Cheng and Zhu, followed the Confucian Classics of Song and Yuan Dynasties and made no innovation in academic thought. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, inherited the traditional ruling experience, vigorously advocated Confucianism and respected Confucius, stipulated that all students must study Confucian classics, and opposed and prohibited students from studying the Warring States policy and Yin and Yang works. During the Yongle period, Judy of Ming Taizu compiled and edited the Complete Works of the Five Classics and Four Books, and published them in schools and government offices at all levels. He abandoned ancient annotations and other theories, and only respected Zhu Cheng's theory, which made Neo-Confucianism, which had been dominant since Song and Yuan Dynasties, become the official academic thought of Ming Dynasty. In the shadow of this thought, Cao Duan, Xue Jue, Wu Yubi, Hu and others, the representatives of academic circles before Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty (1488- 1505), only faithfully adhered to and practiced the theory, and did not make much innovation and contribution in academic thought. What they said, and even what they wrote, are all copied from the predecessors' statements, plus their own experiences, which is nothing worth mentioning. This situation lasted for more than one hundred years, and it was not until Zheng De's period that new voices appeared in the academic and ideological circles.

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