At first, in the 11th year of Wanli, Taizu Nurhachi took Lu Niu as the finishing unit, and reformed and strengthened the establishment of the early fighting organization of Nuzhen. In the 29th year of Wanli, the flag system was established on the basis of Lu Niu, and four organizations named after different colors were set up, namely, the flag, the white flag, the red flag and the blue flag, which were in charge of Lu Niu. There are at most 300 cattle records, and each flag is basically composed of 20-30 cattle records (except for the last three flags). In the forty-three years of Wanli, that is, 16 15 years, it was increased from four flags to eight flags. The color of the national flag is based on the original four colors with different color edges. That is yellow, yellow, white, blue, white, red, red and blue. This order is not written at will, but the order of the Eight Banners from high to low. After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he successively added the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of Han Army. Of course, it is still based on the Eight Banners of Manchuria.
Manchu Eight Banners are divided into three banners and five banners. The three banners have no king, and the emperor is directly in charge. The next five flags are divided up by the king, Baylor and Beizi. The first five flags were yellow, inlaid with yellow and blue. At the beginning of Shunzhi, due to the interests of Regent Dourgen, after he ascended the throne, the blue flag was lowered to the lower five flags, and the upper three flags turned yellow, inlaid with yellow and white. Then the status of the Eight Banners has not changed.
In the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Nurhachi established the Eight Banners (Bagushan) system, with 300 ding as Niulu, five Niulu as Jiala and five Jiala as Gushan, that is, the flag. In fact, the number of the Eight Banners has increased or decreased from time to time. (Manchu, meaning big arrow) was originally named Lumei 10 Ding. The leader called Lu Niu's forehead a real forehead, which is really Manchu, and the Chinese name is Zuo Ling. No matter going out for war or hunting, Lu Niu is the unit, which laid a preliminary foundation for Manchu social and military system. In the 29th year of Wanli (160 1), Nurhachi reorganized the Lu Niu system for the first time in view of the differences in the number and personnel quality of various tribes. He expanded the number of Niulu to 300, so Zuo Ling had two deputies, called Daizi in Manchu. At the same time, each Lu Niu is divided into four big Dan, and each big Dan is managed by a Zhang Jing (Manchu, meaning clerk) and a doctoral library (Manchu, meaning leader). At this time, the establishment of the Manchu army basically took shape. According to their status, Ding Qi can be divided into Aha, Armored Man and Ding Qi. Aha is a slave, mostly Han and Korean; The armored people are descendants, with different nationalities and higher status than Aha. Ding Qi is a jurchen.
There are about 40 troops in Lu Niu of Nurhachi, that is,12,000 people, which was considered as a large force outside the customs at that time. About 40 Lu Niu are generals of Nurhachi brothers and relatives. Later, after Nurhachi killed his younger brother Shurhachi and his eldest son Chu Ying, the power was more unified. At the same time, Nurhachi also realized that taking Lu Niu as the unit would easily lead to the disadvantages of decentralization. He set out to establish the Eight Banners system. In the 43rd year of Wanli 16 15, Nurhachi established the Bagushan system. I have introduced the staffing of Gushan above. Lu Niu's official establishment will remain unchanged, with one or two Karakorum russians per flag, one Gushan russians per flag and two Mailer russians per flag. There is also a flag owner in the second town of Gushan, also known as Heshuo Baylor and Gushan King. He is the real owner of a flag.
The Eight Banners system can also be said to be founded by Nurhachi for political needs. Later, because of the war, Nurhachi strengthened the imperial system and redistributed the establishment of the Eight Banners for political needs. There is a saying that four baylor, four baylor and four baylor change from time to time because of the constant redistribution of political interests. For example, fate is six years (162 1), and the four little baylers are Degele, Gil Haran, Azig and Yue Tuo. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven, there were only three people left in the four small Baylor, namely Azig, Dourgen and Duoduo, while the generals under Huang Taiji were Bai Ding and Huang Ding. At the same time, the flag raising and lowering system was also established at this time, but the status of Baylor, the main flag, was not different because of the flag raising and lowering. The person who guards the royal family is called Lang Wei, and it must be the banner of yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag.
The Eight Banners are divided into four colors: yellow, white, red and blue, and then divided into positive and embedded colors to make the Eight Banners. Except for the red flag, colored flags are all natural colors with red edges and white edges.
The Eight Banners are divided into three flags and five flags. There are dragons on the Eight Banners, so it is also called Dalong Banner. Later, the national flag of the Qing Dynasty, Huanglong Banner, also came from this.
When Nurhachi established the Bagushan system, Baylor took the flag as follows:
Yellow flag: Nurhachi
Zhengbaiqi: Huang Taiji
White flag: Dudu
Red flag, inlaid with red flag: Daishan
Zhenglan Banner: Manggutai
Blue Flag: One minute.
After entering the customs and building the government, the Eight Banners system was gradually formalized. The reference comparison is as follows:
Lord of Baylor Banner-Yuan Heshuo Baylor (King of Gushan)
Minister in charge-formerly Gushan 'e Town
Assistant Minister-Former Melere Zhen
Du Tong-the original Alaozhen
Deputy Commander-in-Chief-Former Zalan Zhang Jing
Participation-the original cattle record is true.
Zuo Ling —— Former Great Zhang Danjing
Qiding-unchanged