Don't just teach children in your own way. If the child has a strong understanding, he may accept it. If it is similar, the child will only be more confused.
First, preschool children learn to calculate, which lies in enlightenment, mainly to make children interested in calculation, activate their minds and develop their thinking, instead of learning more and learning deeper, so don't pursue the difficulty of calculation.
Second, we should teach children according to their possibilities and needs. Children learn mathematics in different ways. If children have the possibility and need to learn, they should be taught. If children have difficulties and antipathy, don't impose them.
If you want children to really understand the meaning of addition and subtraction, then you should let them operate in kind, practice constantly and understand from practice.
I still recommend this, because it is said that mathematics is gymnastics of thinking, and understanding the meaning of addition and subtraction can really exercise children's thinking.
Addition is actually adding two sets together to become one set.
Subtraction: Divide a set into two parts.
Children really understand the meaning of addition and subtraction, not knowing the problem, but understanding the relationship between addition and subtraction.
For example, six apples can be divided into two and four apples and vice versa. Meanwhile, two and four apples (or four apples and two apples) add up to six apples. That is to say:
1, teach children from the beginning of decomposition and combination. While expressing it in words, you must say it with your mouth. The child who can say it shows that she has really mastered it.
It starts in 2.5 minutes. Let's talk about decomposition 2 first.
Remember to put them together after each separation.
Second, the method of laying the foundation
1, learn to count
Everyone knows that you should learn to count before you learn to calculate, but using various counting forms to lay the foundation for calculation has been ignored by quite a few parents. Many parents think that their children can sing and read 1 ~ 100 and then learn to count.
And can teach calculation, but in fact, children have not really established the concept of counting, nor have they really mastered the skills of counting.
In fact, there are many contents of counting. In addition to establishing the concept of one-to-one counting, it also includes a variety of counting techniques. The main forms are:
①N plus 1, that is, counting in the order of 1 increasing, which is the basis of learning N plus 1;
②N minus 1, that is, counting down in descending order of 1, which is the basis of learning N minus 1;
③ Odd number, establishing the concept of odd number;
④ Counting even numbers and establishing the concept of even numbers;
⑤ When the number is 10, establish the concept of carry;
⑥ Taking 5 as the basic unit is a very important counting skill, because 5 is second only to 10 in improving counting and calculation skills. 2. Calculate n plus 1. Any child who can count in turn and understand that it means to increase 1 can easily learn to calculate n plus 1, including 10 plus 1, 20 plus 1, 99 plus 1, and even 65438.
3. Calculate N minus 1. Any child who can count backwards and understand the meaning of minus 1 can learn to calculate N minus 1, including 1 1 minus 1, 2 1 minus 1 and/kloc-0.
4. Addition and subtraction of integer 10, such as 10 plus 10, 20 plus 10, ... 90 plus 10. Children who can count every 10 and understand its meaning are eager to learn.
5. Addition and subtraction of whole five, such as 0 plus 5, 5 plus 5, 10 plus 5, or even 95 plus 5, is not difficult for children who can count every five and understand that it means addition and subtraction.
6. Calculate 10 plus n, including 10 plus 1, 10 plus 2... 10 plus 9. Once children understand that 10 plus a few equals more than ten, they can not only quickly calculate 10 plus n, but also generalize it to 20 plus n.
7. Add two identical numbers, including 1 plus 1, 2 plus 2 ... nine plus nine. For children who can count even numbers, when they find that the result of adding two identical numbers is even, they will easily learn to calculate such problems. Development of teaching practice
At present, children generally have spontaneous concern and interest in two questions that add the same number, so children often have to master this group of questions before 10 is not n-plus 1.
8. Calculate the sum of two numbers equal to 10, including 1 plus 9, 2 plus 8, 3 plus 7, 4 plus 6, 5 plus 5. The proficiency of this set of questions is very important for operations above 10.
9, oral calculation (within 20), when children master the above skills, they can do oral calculation questions within 20. Parents should pay attention to remind their children to use their own calculation skills to calculate other problems, such as deducing that 2 plus 2 equals 4 and 2 plus 3 equals 5, 3 plus 7 equals 10 and 3 plus 6 equals 9, 9 plus 9 equals 18 and 9 plus 8 equals 17, and so on.
Numbers within 10, vertical pen calculation (within 100) and oral calculation 100 are not easy for school-age children, but after the column is vertical, preschool children with the above skills can complete the operation with a little guidance, because A.
The problem of adding two numbers to a vertical one actually becomes a problem of adding two numbers to one. At present, children around the age of 5 have learned to write Arabic numerals in kindergarten, so children of this age have an independent vertical arrangement.
Formula operation is completely ok.
For parents' reference, learn how to advance and retreat:
1, practice the operation in 10, which is the basis of carry abdication operation. The operation within 10 is easy to make clear, otherwise the operation after 10 will be very chaotic.
2. Let children know the structure of two digits, and distinguish between "ten digits" and "unit digits", such as "14", including a "10" and a "4", especially the "1" of ten digits, and understand that it stands for "/kloc-0".
3. The operation of two digits is suitable for the combination of "horizontal" and "vertical". The relationship between vertical ten digits and unit digits is more obvious. Instead of telling these "terms" to children, let them understand them through sensibility.
4. If the child has difficulty in operation, provide small items for the child to operate while playing. For example, 14 MINUS 5 is not counted, so let the children take 14 broad beans to assist in the operation. Preschool children have very specific thinking. Letting children use "crutches" as needed helps to improve their operational ability.
5. The operation process should be gradual. First practice the addition and subtraction without carrying or abdicating within 20 minutes. After you figure it out, you will abdicate. It's hard to move and abdicate, don't worry.
When teaching children the addition and subtraction within 10, you can often make up some short stories for children to participate in, and before you know it, children will learn the operation. Moreover, every time children show great interest in this kind of short story.
Interesting. It's easy to learn addition and subtraction.
1, learning age:
For preschool children, many parents hope that at this stage, children can learn Tang poetry and Song poetry, add, subtract, multiply and divide, and pursue learning difficulties. They hope to beat others at the beginning. You know, it's not very good to learn too much and learn too deeply. In the pre-school stage, the enlightenment of children's operation is more critical. Making children interested in calculation, activating thinking and developing thinking can lay a foundation for future mathematics learning.
2. Interest in learning:
Children have different characteristics. Some people like China's ancient poems, while others like calligraphy and painting. For mathematics education, parents should pay attention to cultivating interest and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. If children have the possibility and need to learn, they should be taught. If children have difficulties and antipathy, don't impose them.
3. Learn specific methods:
The operation within 10 is the basis of mathematics. Mathematics learning focuses on summarization, as long as you master some knowledge skillfully, you can do the same. The operation within 10 is enough for children to understand the algorithm of carry abdication, so parents should pay attention.
Within 10 that the child has completely mastered.
Don't rush into double-digit surgery after surgery. First, let children know the structure of two digits, and distinguish between ten digits and single digits, such as 14, including a 10 and a 4, especially a 10 digit. We should understand that it stands for 10, so as to ensure that children will not be confused.
After understanding the relationship between ten digits, it is suitable for horizontal and vertical operation. The relationship between the ten digits of the vertical line and the single digits is more obvious. Instead of telling children these terms, let them understand them through sensibility. Parents give their children a demonstration and let them find the law. If the effect is not great, some physical objects can be used for auxiliary calculation, and preschool children's
Thinking very single-minded. It is helpful for children to use physical crutches when they need to improve their computing ability.
Parents are the best teachers for children. Educate children carefully, let them feel their love and understand their expectations. Understand the child's own situation and make a good plan.
Third, the method of making up stories
When I teach my children the addition and subtraction within 10, I often make up some short stories for them to participate in, and before I know it, the children learn the operation. And every time children show great interest in this kind of short story, it is very easy to learn addition and subtraction.
For example, learning the addition and subtraction of 8, I made up such a short story, in which I often interacted with my children, asked each other questions, and even asked them to make up stories:
The little monkey wants to buy eight apples for grandma. When he came to the market, he saw that the red apple was attractive and the green apple was good, so he bought some of the two apples. Five red apples and several green apples? )
The little monkey walked happily to grandma's house with a box containing eight apples. On the way, I bumped into a pig and knocked off an apple. They don't know. How many apples are left at this time? )
Piggy is a good friend of little monkey. It's good to see a little monkey. When the pig said he was thirsty, the little monkey gave him an apple to quench his thirst. How many apples are left at this time? )
Seeing the pig eating the apple with relish, the little monkey wanted to eat it too, so he took an apple and ate it. How many apples are left at this time? )
Suddenly, there was a lion's roar behind him: "Ho-"No, the lion saw the little monkey, run! The little monkey ran hard with the box and the apples in the box fell out.
Finally, I ran to grandma's house, but the lion didn't catch up. The little monkey finally breathed a sigh of relief. The little monkey gave the apple to grandma, but it looked into the box and said, "Hey? Why are there only two apples left? "
Grandma laughed when the little monkey told her what happened on the road. Grandma said to the little monkey, "You are the best gift!" " "
In this way, the story is over. In the process of speaking, I also ask my children to count how many apples there are from time to time, and the story of meeting the lion later is also made up by the children themselves. The whole process is very easy, which not only allows children to develop their thinking, but also achieves the purpose of learning.