The main manifestations of adaptation disorder:
1. Depression: the passion for going to college is gone, I am not interested in anything, I feel inferior, blame myself, sleep disorder, loss of appetite, etc.
2. Anxiety: nervousness, palpitation, shortness of breath and confusion.
3. Behavioral obstacles: truancy, being late, leaving early, playing truant, seeking excitement, etc. Among the freshmen.
4. Physical discomfort: backache, numbness of limbs, indigestion, etc.
5. Social withdrawal: escape from reality, withdrawn, decline in academic performance, low efficiency, inhibition of learning ability, decline in living ability, and avoidance of social activities.
Adaptation disorder is more common in freshmen, and will gradually disappear in about half a year. At this time, schools should pay more attention to new students, and families should not cut off their emotional ties with their children. Patients can also consult a psychologist, and if necessary, they can take a small amount of drugs to regulate mood and sleep and treat physical discomfort, which will generally achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects.
Adaptation Obstacles and Cases (updated on April 22, 2005) Author: Guo Buller [I]
Adaptation disorder refers to the abnormal emotional disorder or maladaptive behavior of individuals to stressors under the influence of identifiable stress events in daily life, which leads to the damage of normal work and interpersonal communication.
Clinical manifestations: Adaptation disorder is mainly manifested as emotional disorder, and there are also some maladaptive behavioral and psychological disorders. People who are mainly depressed are characterized by depression, loss of interest in daily life, self-blame, hopelessness and helplessness, which may be accompanied by sleep disorders, loss of appetite and weight loss.
Diagnosis: ① There are obvious life events as the inducement, especially mental disorders in living environment and social status (such as emigration, going abroad, retirement, enlistment, etc.). ) within 3 months after the incident.
② It is reasonable to infer that life events and patients' personality characteristics play an equally important role. The reason is that the patient has been mentally normal before the incident, and many others can handle this incident smoothly without any abnormality. Testimony shows that patients' social adaptability is not strong.
③ Emotional disorder is the main clinical manifestation, accompanied by maladaptive behavior and physiological dysfunction.
④ Mental disorder interferes with social function, and the duration of illness is at least 65,438+0 months and the longest is no more than 6 months.
A typical case of adaptation disorder
Anonymous, 18 years old, a freshman. Unwilling to communicate with others, fidgety and depressed for more than 2 months. Patients are loved by their parents since childhood, and they can buy whatever they want, but they are strict with their study and behavior. When she got to middle school, her parents wouldn't let her do any housework, such as reaching for clothes to eat and reading and studying all day. 1996 was admitted to a university, accompanied by his parents in September. After settling down, his parents wanted to go home, but the patient refused, and they agreed to go home after repeated comfort and persuasion from their parents. Symptoms were normal at first, but self-care ability was poor. Near the exam, patients are busy with their studies, often unable to eat, put on clothes, sometimes go to class without combing their hair, and their exam results are not ideal, which is severely criticized by their parents. The patient gradually became depressed and unwilling to associate with his classmates. They often sigh and cry alone in the dormitory, feeling incompetent, and even tell their parents that they don't want to study and want to drop out of school. And insomnia, manifested as difficulty in falling asleep, often tossing and turning in bed for a long time, feeling dizzy and upset the next day, unable to concentrate in class. Poor appetite, significantly reduced food intake, patients complained of no appetite, do not want to eat.
There is nothing special about the past history. Full-term delivery, normal growth and development at an early age. I started studying at the age of seven and got good grades. /kloc-I was admitted to the university at the age of 0/8 and had little contact with my classmates. Usually introverted, timid and obedient. Family history is nothing special. Physical and nervous system examination: no positive signs were found. Mental state examination: clear consciousness, contact and cooperation, neat clothes, consistent age and appearance, accurate orientation and no hallucinations and delusions. There is no abnormality in the coherence and logic of thinking association, and the mood is slightly lower. Everything is fine at home. Since I went to college, I have to do everything by myself and study. I feel at a loss about school life and extremely uncomfortable. I often want to go home and don't want to continue studying in college, but my parents don't agree. Self-knowledge exists
Diagnosis: The purpose of treatment of stress-related diseases with adaptation disorder is to use various methods to deal with symptoms and enhance patients' coping skills. Treatment programs often need to be individualized, and appropriate psychological and drug treatment methods should be selected according to patients' cognitive biases, emotions and behavior types.
Adjustment disorder of remarriage (updated in August 2004-17) [top]
Whether divorced or widowed, remarriage is a matter of course. Most remarried people can adapt to the married life, even very harmonious and happy, but some people don't. This maladjustment is not only reflected in family interpersonal aspects, but also in the sexual life of newlyweds.
There is such a young woman whose husband died soon and remarried six months later out of the need of life. She is satisfied with her new husband in all aspects, and he loves her more, which can be said to be no less than her ex-husband. But when they make love, she always feels uncomfortable and embarrassed. At night, as soon as the lights are turned off and the eyes are closed, the image of the ex-husband appears in front of you. The new husband has a strong sexual desire, and he has a one-time request every two or three days, each lasting about half an hour. She wanted to refuse, but she couldn't, so she had to endure the torture, couldn't talk about it at all, and even felt bored. She is in a state of being unable to get in and stop, which is very painful. ...
There are many similar examples, not only the wife, but also the husband sometimes has such an unsuitable reaction, which greatly affects the relationship between husband and wife and makes one party misunderstand greatly, but it is difficult to explain clearly. Sometimes I sincerely want to adapt as much as possible, but there is no way.
The above phenomenon, called "remarriage adjustment obstacle", is caused by pure psychological factors, just like some people move from their old homes to their new homes. Although the house is good, it is uncomfortable to live in, and many people are anxious and depressed.
There are generally two ways to solve this adaptation obstacle: one is to try to communicate with the new spouse ideologically; The second is to solve personal psychological problems. But in order not to affect feelings and avoid misunderstanding, it is usually based on eliminating personal troubles.
The so-called troubles naturally come from the contrast between husband and wife. Let's talk about the woman above: the ex-husband is a scientific and technological person, introverted and stubborn, but his feelings for his wife are delicate and considerate. In terms of sexual life, the requirements are lighter and the sexual life time is shorter. The latter husband is engaged in literature and art, extroverted, and an optimist with rich feelings but rough expansion. It's hard to get what you want, but you are still satisfied with your wife and love her very much. She prefers her husband's personality to the other.
Why does she prefer her husband to her husband, but she can't get along with him in sex? There are both past lives's sexual life pattern and some psychological guilt towards her ex-husband. Obviously, there is a gap between the two husbands' sexual patterns, and this gap needs to be adapted through long-term getting along with the current husband. Usually, remarried people, both men and women, are reluctant to disclose their sexual problems with their ex-spouses actively or even passively. Because this will bring embarrassment and unhappiness to yourself and the other party, and it will make people more likely to associate or be nostalgic. In this case, a better solution is to use nonverbal communication. Remarried couples should be familiar with each other's sexual habits at the beginning of marriage and try to adapt to each other actively. In this case, the husband may be extroverted, thinking that his love for his current wife is frequent sexual life, but he doesn't know that his wife's previous sexual life is dull. Therefore, it is necessary to change the way of love, or reduce the frequency of sexual life, and finally achieve the goal of harmony through slow drive and induction.
For this remarried woman, the first thing is to adjust her psychological state: Is it necessary to feel guilty? For a young widower, remarriage is an inevitable way of life. Since we are remarried, we will have sex again. This kind of psychological preparation, when looking for a spouse again, should have full psychological brewing. This woman may think less about this.
According to the general rule, the sexual maladjustment of divorced people after remarriage is much better than that of widowed people. Because divorce is mostly emotional trauma, divorced people can't have any guilty thoughts, and widowed people are mostly emotional. Of course, this is also related to the length of time from living alone to remarriage.
The death of a loved one is the most painful event, especially acute death (such as emergency or accident). Because there is no preparation, it is impossible to have the tired and tired mentality of "going to bed for a long time". The death of a spouse, in the case of chronic diseases, usually persuades the living to rearrange their marriage life after his or her death, which is quite comforting to future survivors. However, in this case, the woman's husband died of an acute disease. Not only did he leave no will, but he also said, "I only loved you in my life." Hold his wife's hand and swallow his last breath. Can this remarried woman not feel guilty? Actually, this is the root of the problem. When her husband asks for the same room, her mind will inevitably see various scenes when she meets her ex-husband, which is undoubtedly a powerful interference factor in her sexual life. There is a contradiction between remarriage and the concept of "loyalty to one's life", which is not easy for remarried widowed women.
When solving these psychological problems, the most important thing is to get rid of old ideas and face reality. Now that you have decided to remarry, you must be responsible for your current lover and not forget your old feelings. You should transfer your past love for your ex-husband (wife) to your present husband (wife). When sharing a room, you should think more about your own belonging to the present and the future, not to the past; Belongs to the living, not to the dead; It belongs to those who love you now, not those who loved you in the past.
In order to clear the lingering memory of the ex-husband, it is suggested that the remarried person should do more caressing actions in advance when sharing the same room with his spouse, so as to strengthen the impression and feeling of the current spouse, and at the same time fully adapt to the other person's sexual interest, he should also express his personal sex impromptu. At the beginning of remarriage, each other will consider each other's state, thus changing the past habit pattern accordingly. If out of embarrassment, especially the woman, she will often reluctantly obey her husband's needs and give in again and again, which will inevitably lead to unsuitable obstacles. It will be difficult to change it after the wedding period.
At present, the marriage registration office only provides premarital sex education for unmarried men and women, and there are no corresponding measures for remarried men and women. Perhaps the administrative department thinks that "they have been through it", thus ignoring all kinds of confusing problems they actually have. Therefore, in the face of this confusion, people who remarry should also be re-educated before marriage.