Educational content of Korean life guidance
At first, the main content of life guidance was vocational education, and now it has been extended to all fields of school life, with a very wide range, which can be divided into five aspects: education guidance, outlet guidance, human nature guidance, social guidance and leisure guidance.
Educational guidance
Educational guidance is mainly aimed at students' school life. Students will have a lot of maladjustment in school life, which will affect their normal life. Teachers should find and understand students' problems through observation, psychological tests and other means, and guide students to deal with them correctly, so as to better adapt to school life and maintain this good state. Besides life, academic guidance is also an important part of educational guidance. Excessive pressure caused by academic problems, anxiety before exams and low learning ability will all lead to students not being able to adapt to school life normally. Psychological teachers need to observe, understand and consult students with problems, analyze subjective and objective reasons, provide effective guidance for students and prevent such problems from happening again. Similarly, there is learning psychological consultation in China, which mainly consults students' learning motivation, learning strategies and learning psychological problems.
(2) Employment guidance
Employment guidance is called career guidance in China. Employment guidance is to provide information or experience for students' career choice, career preparation, school choice and other issues related to their future careers. Teachers make suggestions for students through the information they collect and master, and make scientific evaluations according to students' personalities and interests, so as to help students make correct choices. The goal of employment guidance is to let students know themselves, fully grasp their academic and professional advantages, and make correct judgments and specific plans for their future development direction. Employment guidance is of great significance. From the national level, it is closely related to the development and rational allocation of human resources. Personally, it is helpful for students to realize their personal self-realization.
(3) Human nature guidance
Human nature guidance is to help students correctly understand their own personality, guide students to cultivate a sound personality, and guide students' psychological and physical growth and development. It is equivalent to self-awareness consultation in the content of mental health education in China, but it covers a wider range than self-awareness consultation in China. The elements of human nature guidance are emotional education, value education and moral education. South Korea's human nature guidance mainly focuses on guiding students' psychological and social maturity, including collective isolation, nervousness, emotional instability, aggression, inferiority, strong sense of superiority, selfishness and so on. The goal of human nature guidance is to cultivate people who can correctly understand themselves, respect and accept themselves, and understand and respect others.
Social guidance
Social guidance refers to the correct guidance of students' education, ethics and morality, guiding students to respect others, express their ideas reasonably, make friends with the opposite sex correctly, learn to deal with contradictions with parents, establish good interpersonal relationships in the collective, learn to sacrifice and have dedication, and make them better adapt to society in the future. Similar mental health education in China includes interpersonal counseling, but compared with social guidance in South Korea, it is relatively simple and not rich enough. Social guidance emphasizes the education of students' sociality, which is characterized by being willing to actively participate in social activities or collective activities, being good at communication, being kind to others and having a cooperative spirit, being able to properly handle interpersonal relationships and being adaptable. Teenagers and children are in the society including school and family in the process of physical and psychological development. As one of them, in order to maintain positive interpersonal relationship and healthy psychology, the guidance of teachers is very necessary.
(5) Leisure guidance
Leisure refers to the activities that people can have a positive impact on society and self-development when they are in a state of mental and physical freedom according to their own hobbies. Leisure guidance is called leisure guidance in China, which is a part of vocational guidance. Leisure guidance is to teach students to allocate their leisure time correctly and reasonably. Guide students to cultivate their own interests and spend their holidays in a healthy way such as sports, music, art or reading. Leisure guidance is conducive to students' all-round development and physical and mental health, making life more meaningful.
The content of Korean life guidance covers a wide range, not only confined to students' lives, but also includes students' personal physical, psychological, spiritual and social development, all of which are closely related and indispensable.
By analyzing the historical origin, educational content and methods of Korean life guidance, it has the following enlightenment to the development of mental health education in China.
(1) Enrich the contents of vocational guidance and intensify leisure guidance.
Although the content of mental health education in primary and secondary schools in China includes vocational guidance, it has not actually attracted the attention of schools. Traditionally, career education is only needed when you graduate from high school or university. In addition, the heavy schoolwork of teachers, the shortage of professional psychological teachers and the great pressure on students to enter higher schools have all affected the vocational guidance and made it difficult to implement the work. On 1999, the Korea Youth Development Institute conducted a survey on the reasonable period of future planning for junior and senior high school students. 42.2% of the students think that future planning should be made in junior high school, 33.4% think it is more suitable in senior high school, 12.9% think it is more suitable in primary school, and 8.2% think it is more suitable in university. This shows that most teenagers in Korea think it is most necessary to plan their future in middle school. The embryonic form of Korean life guidance is career guidance, so it attaches great importance to career guidance, such as conducting psychological tests every year to understand students' personality, orientation and hobbies. Through consultation, professional consulting teachers or class teachers provide students with corresponding network guidance and related information according to the results; The school will also hold lectures, visits and other activities regularly; In the graduating class, teachers will hold discussions with parents and students from three aspects, communicate with parents and students, discuss the employment problems of students together, and determine the direction after graduation. Through this guidance, students can know themselves more objectively and make more beneficial choices.
Strengthening middle school students' employment guidance is beneficial to their future career planning. However, there is basically no job related to vocational guidance in middle school in China. We can learn from South Korea's life guidance from the following aspects: First, set up vocational education courses once a week, in the form of class meetings, teachers and students exchange and interact, share all kinds of information about schools and occupations, and let students have a clear concept of further studies and employment; Second, once or twice a semester to visit the unit, such as visiting factories and units, put yourself in the position to understand the working environment of various occupations and stimulate students' interest; Third, professional consultants hold lectures to provide students with professional and vocational information and establish a correct professional outlook; Fourth, conduct regular surveys on students' career planning, understand students' future career planning at all stages, and give feedback to parents and students according to the survey results, and put forward effective suggestions; Fifth, strengthen leisure guidance, infiltrate leisure guidance into vocational guidance, stimulate students' interest through various activities, and guide students to choose beneficial leisure activities, enrich their lives and develop healthily.
(2) Strengthen social guidance, carry out more experience activities, and promote exchanges between students.
Social guidance plays an important role not only in school education and life guidance, but also in students' life. Human beings are in families, schools and other social units, and it will be difficult to survive without society, so social guidance affects students' self-realization and healthy growth. China's interpersonal counseling is equivalent to Korean social guidance, mainly including the establishment of interpersonal relationships, conflict resolution, heterosexual friends and so on. In addition to interpersonal guidance, social guidance in Korea also includes education in upbringing, ethics and moral values. It is not simply to teach students how to deal with the relationship with others, but to cultivate students' public morality and dedication from their own quality, so as to adapt to the constant changes of society. For example, some middle school students in South Korea go to the subway station for voluntary labor every weekend to help the staff maintain the order and hygiene of the subway. In our country, similar educational work is mostly carried out in ideological and moral or political classes, but it is not related to reality, and it ends simply by looking at theory, which fails to achieve educational results in practice.
To do a good job in social guidance, in addition to the existing interpersonal counseling, we can also carry out the following work: First, we can carry out social volunteer service activities on a regular basis, not simply picking up garbage and cleaning windows, but let students have the opportunity to get in touch with people of all ages and occupations in society and feel their lives, such as the elderly, children, workers and service personnel. Communicate with them, feel others and gain experience; Second, we should hold more class meetings with the theme of morality and ethics. Students should collect materials and rehearse sketches by themselves, cultivate the spirit of cooperation such as cooperation and dedication in the preparation process, and promote exchanges and interactions between students. Third, interview students regularly to understand the interpersonal communication of students in the class and solve problems through consultation and other means in time.
(3) Conduct psychological surveys regularly, carry out psychological publicity and education activities for students and parents, and strengthen cooperation and interaction between home and school.
The result of psychological test is the basis for objectively understanding students' psychological state. In China, colleges and universities will conduct psychological surveys on freshmen, while primary and secondary schools rarely do related work. Only some schools in more developed areas will conduct psychological surveys, which is not wide enough. In South Korea, intelligence and psychological tests are conducted at the primary school level. According to the results, the school will conduct relevant guidance work. Professional consultants screen the results, feed back the psychological trends of students who need attention to the class teacher, and jointly provide guidance for students who need help. In this way, it will not only help teachers to understand students' psychological state scientifically and objectively, but also help students to know themselves correctly and promote their healthy growth. However, it takes a long time to carry out psychological tests throughout the school. Therefore, it is suggested to cooperate with the psychology major of the local university at the beginning of each academic year to complete this work together. On the one hand, it provides practical opportunities for students majoring in psychology, on the other hand, it increases human resources to make psychological investigation more effective.
Doing a good job in students' mental health education requires not only the efforts of schools and teachers, but also parents' concern for students and active cooperation with school work. Parents' lack of professional knowledge in education, busy work, lack of communication and other factors will lead to parents' failure to find their children's psychological problems in time and affect their healthy growth. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reasonable relationship network among schools, teachers and parents, such as establishing a parent QQ group in the class and exchanging feedback on the network at any time; Every year, publicity activities such as lectures on mental health education attended by students and parents are carried out, which not only publicize students' mental health education, but also train parents regularly, so that parents can master the basic knowledge of mental health education, master more scientific educational methods, communicate better with teachers and work together for the healthy development of children. Strengthening home-school cooperation, on the one hand, promotes the communication between parents and teachers, and is conducive to mutual understanding of their own shortcomings; On the other hand, it is convenient for teachers to have a comprehensive understanding of students and do a better job of prevention.