Dalinuoer Nature Reserve is located in the west of Hexigten Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, about 90 kilometers away from Peng Jing Town, where the People's Government of Hexigten Banner is located. The reserve includes three Sumu villages, Dalainuori, Dalhanwula and Aqiula. The nature reserve is adjacent to Xilin Gol Grassland Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia in the northwest, the eastern part of Xiaotengli Sandy Land in the south and the border between Xilin Gol League and Chifeng City in the west. Located about 80km east of Baiyin Aobao National Nature Reserve, the geographical coordinates of the reserve are1162211700, with a total area of 1 165437.
Dalinuoer National Nature Reserve is an important migratory passage for migratory birds in northern China, and it is also one of the important migratory bird distribution centers. Therefore, Dalinuoer Nature Reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve focusing on protecting rare birds and their diverse ecosystems such as lakes, wetlands, sandy land, grasslands and woodlands. The special natural and geographical conditions gave birth to the famous inland lake ecosystem in Inner Mongolia Plateau. Lakes, rivers, swamps and wet meadows all over the nature reserve constitute an important wetland ecosystem, accounting for 35.8% of the total area of the nature reserve, which plays a leading role in the balance and stability of the ecosystem in this area. The basalt platform and lake plain in the northwest of the reserve are vast and open grasslands, where the most representative chestnut grassland in Inner Mongolia Plateau is developed. In the small Tengger sandy land in the south of the reserve, there is a unique elm sparse forest grassland landscape area, which is a special type of grassland zone. In the wavy sand dunes in the southeast of nature reserve, sand dunes and wetland vegetation are embedded, and sparse forest, shrub, meadow, vegetation and swamp vegetation are distributed in a ring shape, forming a representative sandy grassland landscape type.
There are 36 families of birds 16 orders 160 species in Dalinuoer Nature Reserve. Among the national key animals distributed in nature reserves, the priority order of bird species diversity protection listed in China Biodiversity Protection Action Plan belongs to Class A 1: black zygomatic, red-crowned crane, white-naped crane, bustard, jade belt sea eagle, yellow-billed egret, etc. There are three kinds of A 2: grey crane, demoiselle crane and big swan. There are 1 1 species endemic to China, such as red-necked, cygnet, kite, sparrow hawk, common bird, white-tailed harrier, grey-backed falcon, red-horned falcon, yellow-clawed falcon and long-eared bird.
The species and quantity of wading birds and swimming birds in nature reserves are absolutely dominant among rare birds. Every spring and autumn, thousands of swans, hundreds of white-naped cranes, gray cranes and demoiselle cranes will live here, and dozens of great bustards will live and breed here.
The reserve has diverse ecosystems and rich rare species resources. From the perspective of landscape ecosystem, the protected area has formed a landscape ecological pattern of orderly arrangement of aeolian sandy soil in lacustrine plain Lake Basin with basalt platform from north to south, which corresponds to the orderly distribution of vegetation in platform plain and sparse grassland with low wetland vegetation in lacustrine plain. In addition, the lake landscape centered on Darinol, and the mountain landscape composed of Dahan Mountain and Hazelnut Mountain provide a variety of ecological environment for rich species resources. There are 0/60 species of birds, 0/5 species of rodents, 2/0 species of fish, 72 species of phytoplankton, 36 species of zooplankton, more than 20 species of benthos and about 434 species of higher plants in the nature reserve. In addition, there are several small mammals in the reserve.
With its unique natural landscape and diverse species resources, nature reserves have attracted many experts and scholars at home and abroad and tourists who love nature, leaving a good impression on every tourist. Protected areas are not only important scientific research bases, but also the best places to develop eco-tourism. Scenes and pictures are everywhere. When you come here, people can fully feel the infinite charm of nature.
The basalt terraces and lake plains in the west and north of the reserve are endless grassland landscapes. Here, the grass is lush, cattle and sheep are walking on the grass, and the simple yurts between the blue sky and the green grass can't help but remind people of the smoke from the yurts sung in Mongolian songs, which gently floats to the blue sky, making people really feel that the blue sky is close to us.
The Dalhan Mountain in the south of the nature reserve is covered with trees and rocks. When you stand on the top of the mountain, you can see the whole nature reserve. In the south is the rolling little Tengger sandy land, where elms are sparse, lowlands between hills and blisters of different sizes are embedded, forming a beautiful sandy grassland landscape. At the west foot of Dalhan, there is a sparkling Dali Lake, which looks like a sea and sky. The anvil mountain in the distance seems to be floating on the water, and the willow bushes and beaches by the lake below are the best places for swimming and fishing.
Yingchang Road Site, also known as Luwangcheng, is located in the west of the reserve, with Subule in the west and Huailai River in the south, with an elegant environment. It is listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in the autonomous region. This city was the place where Hui Zong escaped from the metropolis in the late Yuan Dynasty, and he died here every two years. Emperor Xuanguang accepted, knowing that Li Dala had inherited the throne in Yingchang, which was called Zhaoyuan in history books. Yingchangwei was built in the early Ming Dynasty. During Zhu's Northern Expedition, he was stationed in Yingchang four times, renamed Qingping Town, and the back city was destroyed by fire.
From Yingchang Road to the west, carp bubble. Surrounded by mountains, the environment here is elegant, and the spring water at the bottom of the lake gurgles. The sandy land along the coast of Hunan is dense elm forest, and the coastal area of Hubei is low rocky mountain. It is said that Emperor Kangxi used to fish here.
Laihe River, which connects Carp Bubble and Dali Lake, is a small river that injects water into Dali Lake all the year round. This river is the thinnest river in the world, and the thinnest point is only about 12cm.
Nangangnuoer, in the southeast of nature reserve, is often covered by shallow water, with a large area of willow bushes and reeds. Nature reserve is an important place for birds to nest and breed, and all kinds of birds are occupying their respective territories. This is the best place for bird-watching tourism in spring and autumn.
The nature reserve is located in Inner Mongolia Plateau, and its landform is mainly composed of basalt platform, aeolian landform, lake landform and river landform.
Judging from the genetic types, the lakes in the nature reserve are mainly tectonic dammed lakes, which are east-west lakes centered on Dali Lake. They are located in the deep fault zone of Xilamulun River and are formed by tectonic subsidence and basalt weir. At present, there are good lakeside landforms on the shore of the ancient lake basin in the reserve, such as lakeside terraces, lake erosion cliffs, lake erosion columns, lake erosion platforms, Lulian Island and many lakeside sandbars. There are also two levels of lake erosion cliffs on the Dalhan Mountain in the south of the reserve. The first level of Shuangxian Lake is 30 meters higher, and the other level is 60 meters higher. Today, the deepest point of Dali Lake is 13m, which shows that the ancient lake water is about 6070m deep.
There are four rivers in the nature reserve, namely Gong Geer River, Liangzi River, Shali River and Haolai River. These rivers belong to the inland rivers of Inner Mongolia Plateau. It is characterized by small amount of water, less sediment, gentle river bed gradient and high erosion datum. The river is a meandering riverbed, which is extremely developed and finally flows into the lake. There are many wet meadows on both sides of the river.
Little Tengger Sandy Land in the south of nature reserve, where the climate is relatively dry, with less annual precipitation, large evaporation and strong wind, the main wind direction is west wind, northwest wind or southwest wind. Due to the difference of water body, vegetation and sand fixation degree, sand belts on satellite images are mostly distributed in the east-west direction. The types of dunes are mainly composite longitudinal ridges and dunes, and crescent dunes and parabolic dunes are widely distributed.
The nature reserve belongs to the temperate continental climate, and has the characteristics of severe changes in cold and heat in the plateau, large temperature difference between day and night, dry climate, long sunshine time, strong solar radiation, large sandstorm and abundant thermal energy and wind energy resources. The annual average temperature 1~2℃, 1 month is the coldest, the average temperature is -23℃~24℃, the extreme minimum temperature reaches -45℃, and the annual minimum temperature is below -20℃ for more than 100 days. It is the hottest in July, with an average temperature of 16~ 18℃ and an accumulated temperature of 10℃ 1300~ 1700℃. The changes of ground temperature and air temperature are unimodal, and the maximum frozen soil thickness is 19 1 cm. In spring, the temperature rises rapidly, the wind speed is high, the precipitation is low and the climate is dry. It is the strongest wind season in the whole year, and its instantaneous wind speed is as high as 1 1. In summer, the climate is cool, the precipitation is concentrated, the rain and heat are in the same season, the precipitation is unevenly distributed, and heavy rains and droughts occur from time to time.
Dalinuoer Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas belong to the Neocathaysian uplift belt in Daxinganling, with strong neotectonic movement. The east-west faults from the end of Tertiary to the beginning of Quaternary, as well as many volcanic eruptions, laid the foundation for the development of this landform and the distribution of water resources. In addition, various natural geographical factors, such as climate, zonal differences between soil and vegetation, have a positive impact on the generation, distribution, storage and migration of water resources in the reserve. Under many natural conditions, precipitation is the main source of water resources in this area. The amount of precipitation and regional differences directly affect the development of surface water and river characteristics, and also determine the distribution of groundwater, especially shallow water, and the abundance of water.
The special landform types and geographical conditions of the reserve form its diverse ecosystem. From the landscape level, the nature reserve is mainly composed of three landscape areas: the undulating plateau and lake plain grassland in the northwest, the undulating quicksand landscape in the south, the unique plateau inland lake group landscape dominated by Darinol Lake, and the wetland landscape formed by the development of rivers and wetlands in the middle and east. These different areas are woodland, grassland, wetland and farmland ecosystem.
The forest ecosystem in the reserve is relatively concentrated, except for a small area of artificial forest and several large villages around the fishing ground, the rest are distributed in the Little Tengger Sandy Land and Daerhan Mountain in the south of the reserve. Due to the special climate and hydrothermal conditions in Xiaotengli sandy land, a unique elm sparse forest ecosystem has been formed in the reserve. The vegetation here is well developed and has a high degree of concealment. The vertical structure is obviously divided into three layers. The arbor layer is dominated by elm, and the shrub layer is dominated by Caragana microphylla, Siberian apricot, Polygonum hydropiper, Artemisia annua and Salix. Vegetation layer includes agropyron cristatum, cryptophyte, Leymus chinensis, Carex, some annual grasses and desert weeds. The distribution area of elm sparse forest in the reserve is 25,492 hectares, accounting for 265,438 0.3% of the total area of the reserve. In the forest ecosystem, there are many kinds of birds, and the national first-class protected birds, white storks and black storks, thrive here.
The vegetation in the reserve is grassland, which is widely distributed in the west and north of the reserve, covering an area of 54,446 hectares, accounting for 45.65% of the total area of the reserve. The main representative communities are Leymus chinensis grassland with Leymus chinensis as the constructive species and Stipa grandis grassland with Stipa grandis as the constructive species. Due to overgrazing of most grasslands in this area, some grasslands have been degraded. Stipa grandis, Caragana microphylla, Cryptomeria crassipes, Stipa grandis, Stellera chamaejasme and Cryptomeria crassipes were formed on the Stipa grandis grassland. In Leymus chinensis grassland, Artemisia frigida became the dominant species, and the seriously degraded area became the constructive species.
The grassland ecosystem in this reserve has a large geographical area and flat terrain, and is inhabited by many wild animals. Great bustard, a national first-class protected bird, lives here.
The unique topography and abundant water resources in the reserve form a large area of wetlands, and the wetland ecosystem has an absolute advantage in the reserve, covering an area of 42,737 hectares, accounting for 35.8% of the total area of the reserve. Wetland ecosystem in nature reserves mainly includes three types: lake system, river system and swamp system. The total area of lakes, rivers and swamp systems in the reserve is 25,644 hectares, 65,438+0,502 hectares and 65,438+0,559,654,38 hectares respectively. There are more than 60 species of birds living and breeding in wetlands in nature reserves, and the number is very large. The maximum cluster time can reach tens of thousands.
There are 434 species of wild vascular plants in this nature reserve, belonging to 67 families and 250 genera, accounting for 19% of the wild vascular plants in the whole region. From the life form of plants, perennial herbs are dominant, with 280 species, accounting for 65% of all vascular plants, followed by annual and biennial herbs, with 108 species, accounting for 25%, shrubs accounting for 6%, semi-shrubs accounting for 2% and trees accounting for 2%. According to the water ecological types of plants, mesophytes are the most, with 260 species, accounting for 53% of all vascular plants, xerophytes 15 1 species, accounting for 35% of all plants, hygrophytes 40 species, accounting for 9%, and aquatic plants 13 species, accounting for 3%. In terms of flora and geographical composition, temperate plants are dominant, with 157 genera, accounting for 63% of all plant genera; There are 7 1 genera of tropical plants, accounting for 3%; Central Asia, Central Asia, Mediterranean, etc. There are 22 genera, accounting for 0.9%; There is also a genus endemic to China.
Among the abundant plant resources in nature reserves, there are a large number of plants with economic significance. According to preliminary statistics, there are 294 species of medicinal plants in this nature reserve, accounting for 68% of all vascular plants. Common ones are: licorice, ephedra, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Bupleurum, motherwort, Scutellaria baicalensis, Typha Typha, Phragmites communis, Dioscorea nipponica, Polygonatum, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Cymbidium hybridum and so on. There are about 183 species of superior forage in this nature reserve, among which 83 species are excellent forage. There are also rich ornamental plants in the reserve, such as Limonium bicolor, delphinium, black snapper, Shandan, Dianthus caryophyllus and Castanea henryi. In addition, there are a variety of edible plants in the reserve, such as lettuce, amaranth, wild leek, day lily and other wild vegetables. And wild fruits such as hawthorn, Vitex negundo and autumn pear.
There are also a large number of phytoplankton in the nature reserve. According to the determination, the annual average content of phytoplankton in Darinol Lake is 65438 0.6 mg/L, including 72 species in 5 phyla. Among them, cyanophyta 19 species, chlorophyta 24 species, diatom 20 species, euglenophyta 7 species and dinoflagellate 2 species.
There are 16 orders, 33 families 133 species of birds recorded in the nature reserve. Among them, passeriformes contain the most families and species, including 9 families and 44 species, accounting for 27% and 33% of all bird families and species respectively. There are storks, cranes and birds, and there are more families and species. There are 35 species of birds in the above three orders, accounting for 26% of the bird species. There are two orders, namely Hawkeye and Dove, and the rest are monotremes and monotremes, totaling 10 order, 10 family. The largest family of birds in nature reserve is Anatidae, with 20 species, accounting for 15% of all birds in nature reserve, which constitutes the main part of birds in nature reserve. In spring and autumn, thousands of birds stay here, especially geese, ducks and seagulls. There are also quite a lot of big swans in the nature reserve, and thousands of big swans can be seen in spring and autumn, like snow-white sheep. On the grassland in the northwest of the nature reserve, the number of great bustards is also relatively large. It is estimated that there are about 30~40 great bustards in this area.
Due to the influence of environmental factors such as its climatic conditions and chemical composition of water, the fish species in Lake Dalianour are monotonous, but the fish yield is relatively large, among which crucian carp and yarrow are the main economic fish in Lake Dalianour.
There are more than 4,000 people in the reserve, with a distribution density of 3.4 people per square kilometer. Fishing and animal husbandry are the main economic activities in this area. The total number of livestock is about 90,000, and the total output value of animal husbandry is 5-6 million yuan. The fishery production in Dalinuoer has a long history, and fishing was recorded as early as the Yuan Dynasty in Mongolian Taizu 16 (A.D. 122 1). 1998 The total fishery output value is 5.2 million yuan. As early as 1983 1985, Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection Department, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Chifeng Environmental Protection Office and other units investigated and studied the bird resources here, determined the status of Dalinor among migratory birds, and put forward suggestions for establishing Dalinor Nature Reserve. From 65438 to 0985, the Planning of Inner Mongolia Grassland Nature Reserve compiled by Inner Mongolia Institute of Environmental Protection included Dalinuoer area in the planning of the proposed nature reserve. 1986 The people's government of Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City approved the establishment of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve. The management of the reserve is the responsibility of Darinol Fishing Ground. With the progress of society and the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, more and more people attach importance to the treasure land of Darinol, and her scientific value, protection value and social and economic benefits will be more and more clearly displayed in front of the world. The construction and development of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve has aroused widespread concern in society. 1995, Inner Mongolia Urban and Rural Construction Environmental Protection Department and Chifeng Environmental Protection Office entrusted Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Center Station to conduct further investigation and study on Dalinuoer Nature Reserve, and based on this, the planning of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve was compiled. 1996, Chifeng Municipal People's Government submitted an application to the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for upgrading Dalinuoer Nature Reserve to an autonomous region-level nature reserve. 1996, the People's Government of the Autonomous Region approved the upgrading of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve to an autonomous region-level nature reserve. In May of the same year, the people's government of the autonomous region submitted an application to the State Council to upgrade the Dalinuoer Nature Reserve to a national nature reserve. 1996,1In February 1996, the National Nature Reserve Evaluation Committee reviewed and approved the relevant materials and applications for upgrading the Dalinor Nature Reserve to a national nature reserve. 199765438+In February, the State Council approved the upgrading of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve to a national nature reserve.
At the beginning of the establishment of Dalinor Nature Reserve, the management organization was located in Dalinor Fishing Ground, which was managed by Dalinor Fishing Ground.
1995 was promoted to the autonomous region-level nature reserve, and the people's government of Hexigten Banner approved the establishment of the Dalinor Nature Reserve Administration. Since its establishment, the reserve has carried out a lot of publicity work, made extensive publicity by using the news media, and produced promotional films and brochures introducing the reserve. Organized and compiled the comprehensive investigation report of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve, completed the project proposal of Dalinuoer Nature Reserve (19962000), carried out the land confirmation work of the reserve, demarcated the boundary and handled the land use certificate of the core area. In order to strengthen the management of protected areas, the management agencies of protected areas have formulated measures for the management of protected areas, and severely punished poaching and destruction of resources and environment in protected areas. In order to strengthen the management and protection of the core area and restore the ecological environment of the lake area, the reserve has enclosed some core areas. Through several years' efforts, the environment around the lake area has been restored, the species and quantity of birds have increased obviously, and the fish production has also increased steadily. The scientific research and monitoring work of the nature reserve has also achieved gratifying results, and the research project of Dalinuoer wetland ecological environment has passed the expert appraisal. Protected areas have strengthened the management of tourism resources development activities, delineated tourism areas and standardized tourism behavior. Sightseeing lakes and waters and bird watching tour.
The night on the grassland is quiet and charming, and the melodious sound of Ma Touqin will take you into a green dream. With your smile from nature, a ray of morning light first appeared in the East. Please keep all yesterday in your memory. Let's go to the lake to watch the sunrise, diving, birds singing and singing the grassland pearl of bird paradise-Darinot Lake.
Walking in the morning breeze, I came to the shore of Lake Darinol. The lake is like a mirror, where migratory birds such as white swan, grey crane, red-crowned crane, wild goose and Hongyan dress and bathe. The morning in the east welcomes the sun, and it is as red as Dan. The breeze is swaying, the clouds are in the water, the waves are in the sky, the sky is low and the water is wide, the fish jumps and gulls pat, and the flying flowers are a little bit. Jin Lang is brilliant and spectacular. When you look up inadvertently, the lake in front of you is the famous grassland pearl Dalinor, which translates into a lake like the sea, so Dalinor is also called Dalinor Lake. Lake Darinol has a total area of 240 square kilometers and a water depth of10 ~13m. The water quality is magnesium chloride bicarbonate, and the salt is mainly carbonate. The pH value is between 9.4 and 9.6, and it is a closed Suda semi-saline lake. Lake Darinol belongs to the plateau inland lake, and the lake water does not flow out. It is replenished by four rivers, namely Gong Geer River, Liangzi River, Haolai River and Shali River, and springs. Due to years of drought and other reasons, the evaporation is greater than the supply, and the paste surface has shrunk. The water in Darinol Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, containing 5% salt and a certain amount of alkali. The unique water quality makes it difficult for exotic species to survive. There are only two kinds of fish in the lake, carp and yarrow, with an annual output of 600,000 kilograms of fresh fish. The fish produced in Darinol Lake is tender and nutritious. It is a good gift for friends and relatives.
In early spring, the bright sunshine awakens the sleeping creatures, and the ice and snow melt. It is said that April 18 every year is the day when the sea dragon king gets together for a feast, so the lake that has been frozen for half a year will burst overnight and magically pile up on the shore with the help of the breeze, overlapping layers, clean and exquisite. At this time, there is a mighty spring in front of you, surrounded by cold icebergs, and the depths of the grassland behind you are already early summer with green grass and flowers. This wonderful scene of coexistence of winter, spring and Xia San is rare in many lakes in the north. It is a masterpiece of Lake Darinot.
In this once-in-a-lifetime scenery, you will find thousands of birds clamoring and singing, rising like a fairy driving a fog, falling like a fairy scattering flowers, and dancing like a fairy.
Gungennor Lake, sister lake of Darinor Lake.
Accompanied by the melody of rolling waves in Lake Darinor, we walked15km along the east side of the lake and arrived at Lake Gungennor. The total area of Ganggengnuoer Lake is 17 km2, the water depth is1~ 5m, and the altitude is1.240m.. Carp, crucian carp and carp are abundant in the lake. In the southeast of Ganggengnuoer Lake, there grows a big reed nearly 2 meters high, which conserves water and is injected by the trickle of the crystal clear Tory River. Along the south bank of Ganggengnuoer Lake, there are several springs flowing into the lake all the year round at the northern end of Hunshandake Sandy Land. On the west side of Ganggengnuoer Lake, there is an inconspicuous grand canyon, from which an unknown stream gurgles into Ganggengnuoer Lake. Ganggengnuoer Lake is surrounded by red wicker, just like a low water tower.
The beauty of Ganggengnuoer Lake lies in the endless green grass beside the lake, and the beauty jumps in the sparkling lake. If it is sunny and calm, thousands of fish will jump to the bottom of their eyes, and the crackling sound will be heard. A few kilograms of carp will jump out of the water, dazzling you, and some will fall into the cabin, just for Yuelongmen, into the soup pot under the cabin. At sunset, in the morning light, or on the sparkling lake, or boating on the lake, or fishing with a fishing line, all the trivial things in the city naturally swing away with the waves, and a feeling of leisure and tranquility arises spontaneously.
September ~ 10 is the best season for bird watching and lake viewing. In the distance is a meadow dotted with green flowers and yellow flowers. On the shore near the water surface, there are large reeds, the height of which exceeds 1 m. All kinds of birds in the grass are toddlers. If you approach quietly, you will see the red-crowned crane wearing a red crown and full of gentlemanly demeanor walking comfortably, followed by a toddler gentleman.
Looking up, thousands of migratory birds are flying and singing on the lake. White swan, red-crowned crane and gray crane hover around the lake, floating around like fairies in Dunhuang murals, with beautiful movements. This picture of birds, fish and lakes outlined by nature is fascinating and unforgettable.
Lake Doleno, sister lake of Lake Darino.
From the west of Lake Darinor 16 km, you will reach Lake Dolenor. Duolunnuoer Lake has a total area of 2.2 square kilometers, many springs and excellent water quality, and is famous for its rich carp. According to legend, there are no carp in Lake Dolenor. After fishing in Lake Darino, Emperor Kangxi came to Lake Duolun Noor. Seeing that there were no fish in the lake and the water was big and empty, he asked people to count ten tail carp from the Yellow River by camel and put them into the lake. Up to now, people still call Duolun Nuo carp bubble. At that time, the descendants of several ten tail carp carried in cowhide bags continued to multiply and became inexhaustible wealth for people here.