In feudal society, there was no special preschool education institution in Britain, and education was limited to the feudal ruling class and was entirely family education. 18 After the European Revolution in late 2009, with the appearance and development of large machine production, early education in Britain came into being. 1800, private child care institutions appeared in Britain, with older women as teachers, called "nannies", which was the embryonic form of early education in Britain. 65438+ The first pre-school education institution was established in Britain in the early 9th century, initiated by robert owen.
(robert owen, 177 1- 1858) He officially founded the first kindergarten school in Britain in 18 16, providing a kind education for working-class children (1-6 years old children). Schools include nurseries, kindergartens and playgrounds. Children spend a lot of time outdoors. Owen thinks it is very important to cultivate children's spirit of serving the society. In preschool schools, teachers and children often talk about nature, things and phenomena around them. Owen opposed teaching preschool children with textbooks at that time, because these textbooks were full of religious ideas and were not good for children. The kindergarten teachers are young workers in the factory. Owen thinks that although they don't have the literacy of pedagogy, they can all care and love their children. 18 18, Owen personally went to Switzerland and visited the educational practice in Pestalozzi and Fernberger. After he came back, he advocated the "new law", equipped the school with toys, pictures, models, maps, safe and hygienic animals and plants, and paid attention to sports activities. 18 18, Marquis Langston, Lord Bloom and other British upper-class people opened the second kindergarten in Westminster, London, and invited Buchanan, the teacher of Owen Kindergarten, as the principal. 1820, Mr. and Mrs. Wilders opened the third kindergarten in Sparta. Later, preschool classes were incorporated into the British academic system. 1824, the British "Early Childhood Education Association" was established, which further promoted the development of early childhood schools.
Before the industrial revolution, the British government did not attach importance to early childhood education, which was regarded as a pure charity. Therefore, the development of preschool education in Britain is not fast at the initial stage. Since 1833, Britain has implemented the education subsidy policy funded by the state treasury. After 1840, preschool classes began to benefit from this policy. But at the same time, the British government has strengthened its control over the facilities, equipment, educational content and methods of preschool schools.
From 65438 to 1950s, Froebel Kindergarten began to sprout and take root in Britain. After 1960s, kindergartens in Flobert, England were once banned by government policies. After the 1970s, the road was paved. In addition, since the introduction of Froebel kindergarten, there have been two kinds of preschool education systems in Britain: one is kindergarten and children's primary school, which still target the children of the poor and workers; The other is kindergarten, which is aimed at upper-middle class children. However, in the19th century, a small number of free kindergartens with charitable nature appeared in Britain to recruit workers' children. The first free kindergarten was opened by Sir William Mather in the industrial city of Manchester on 1873. At the same time, the traditional preschool schools in Britain are gradually influenced by the Froebel Movement.
1870, Britain promulgated the Primary Education Act. School districts should set up school committees, raise funds locally, set up schools, and supplement the shortage of private schools. Since then, local public schools have appeared in Britain, keeping pace with private schools. In 1980s, the Regulations on Compulsory Education was promulgated and implemented, and it was determined that children should start compulsory primary education at the age of five. Preschool education in Britain was brought into this system.
After the First World War, Dewey's pragmatic education theory and Montessori's liberal education thought had a great influence on preschool education in Britain, and nurseries and preschool classes in Britain were deeply influenced by it. 1907, after the Montessori "Children's Home" was established in Rome, some Montessori-style "Children's Home" and preschool normal schools were also established in Britain.
The development of early childhood education in Britain before World War II focused on the establishment and development of kindergartens and the reform of early childhood education methods. Kindergarten is included in the kindergarten system. United kingdom 1
The founders of the kindergarten are the Macmillan sisters. 1908, the Macmillan sisters opened an experimental clinic in Bowen; 19 10 was renamed Deptre Ford School Treatment Center; 19 1 1 year developed into a camping school; 19 13 was officially named "open-air nursery". This school provides education for children under 5 years old, especially the children of the poor and workers. The primary purpose of running a school is to provide a suitable environment for children and improve their health. The characteristics of running a school are: combining the educational methods of Owen, Pestalozzi, Froebel and Montessori, opposing formalism teaching, paying attention to children's manual education, sensory training, speech education, domestic activities training and free games, opening a campus in the suburbs, and paying attention to the layout of environment and lighting.
Ventilation and other conditions. The establishment of Mai's Nursery School has been praised by all walks of life in Britain, and the British government has also given strong support to the nursery school. 19 19, kindergartens began to receive state treasury subsidies. This year, kindergartens in Britain were renamed nurseries. 1923, the British Nursery Alliance headed by Margelite Macmillan was established to promote nurseries and train nursery teachers. In a sense, Mai's kindergarten inherited Owen's traditional thought of early childhood education.