China's anti-imperialist patriotic movement with intellectuals as the main body in the early 20th century. 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu), Russia seized three northeastern provinces of China by force in Eight-Nation Alliance's war against China. In February of the following year, Russia put forward the Twelve Covenants in an attempt to completely deprive China of its sovereignty over the Northeast. On March 15, 200 people, including Wang, Wang and Wang, gathered in Shanghai, demanding that the Qing government "resolutely reject the Treaty of Safeguarding Russia Crisis". Scholars from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Shandong, Hanmen, Hong Kong, Singapore and other overseas Chinese responded in succession, which made the Qing government's envoy to Russia refuse to sign the contract. 1903 in April, Russia still refused to withdraw its troops from the northeast of China and put forward seven new aggression demands. On April 27th, patriots from 18 provinces including Jiangsu gathered in Bird again, denouncing not only Russia's "annexation" policy, but also the Qing government which pursued pro-Russian diplomacy. On the 29th, more than 500 China students gathered in Tokyo to protest against Russia's invasion of northeast China, and decided to set up a volunteer team that refused Russia. More than 30 people, including Huang Xing and Kloc-0, signed up and asked to go to the northeast to fight the invading army to the death. It was announced that it was intervened by the Japanese government and changed its name to the Military National Education Association. At the same time, students from Beijing, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian and Hunan also gathered to form patriotic organizations. On June+10, 5438, the invading Russian army occupied Fengtian again. Cai Yuanpei and others organized a meeting with Russian comrades in Shanghai and published Russian News. 1904 In March, after the Russo-Japanese War broke out, the anti-Russian gay society was reorganized into a survival society. 1 1 in June, 2006, it was reorganized as anti-Russian Federation again. Similar organizations have been established in other places, such as the Guangdong National Salvation Association and the Northeast Anti-Russian Iron Blood Association.

The Qing government has always been hostile to and suppressed the anti-Russian movement. 1903 in may, the acting governor of Huguang accused all the participants of the Bird meeting of being "crazy opinions" and secretly handled them. In the same month, he once again accused patriotic students of "nominally rejecting Russia, but actually being a revolution". In June, Su Bao published "Strict Secret Instructions for International Students", which caused public outcry. This attitude of the Qing government intensified the contradiction with patriotic intellectuals, more people turned to the anti-Qing team, and revolutionary books and periodicals increased dramatically. The National Education Association of the Army was reorganized into a secret revolutionary group, the Huaxing Association, the science tutorial school and the Guangfu Association were established one after another, and the upsurge of patriotism and national salvation was transformed into a bourgeois democratic revolutionary movement.