Whether gis belongs to computer technology or communication belongs to computer technology. GIS (Geographic Information System) is the product of many disciplines. Based on geographical space, it provides all kinds of spatial and dynamic geographical information in real time by using geographical model analysis method. It is a computer technology system for geographical research and geographical decision-making. Its basic function is to convert tabular data (whether from database, spreadsheet file or direct input program) into geographic graphic display, and then browse, operate and analyze the display results. Its exhibition range can range from intercontinental map to very detailed block map, including population, sales, traffic routes and so on. It doesn't vary from person to person whether to study computer technology in a university or a computer training institution. Those who can get into college, those who can't can only go to computer training institutions.
Not everyone can get into a good university. Those who can't get into a good university and want to learn computer technology can only go directly to computer training institutions.
Is computer technology a first-class discipline or two disciplines? Computer technology is neither first-class nor second-class, NIT for short. It belongs to the single examination of computer application technology. The second level belongs to the National Computer Rank Examination (NCER), as well as office and c++. If you need to know about Level 2, you can pay attention to WeChat Hu Ben Education Service Number.
The most widely used information technology in teaching is computer technology. Is it computer technology? No, information technology includes computer technology, which is just a form of information technology.
Information technology in a broad sense also includes information technology production, communication management and other technical forms, which belong to the category of electronics or industrial control.
What does embedded computer technology learn? Learning embedded, C language is the most important basic knowledge, but mastering it does not mean that your foundation is already very good. The basic elements related to embedded learning mainly include:
First, the foundation of programming, such as the basic programming language foundation, at least the data type, program structure, process control and other basic contents should be quite clear, so it is suggested to catch up with C language, and Tan Haoqiang's C Language Programming should be read well, hehe! In addition, many students asked about the basis of data structure. I always think that the study of data structure and algorithm is a good training method, which helps to form the logical thinking of programming and certainly helps to improve the long-term professional quality of programmers, so I suggest that you should add more relevant knowledge even after working in the embedded industry. Many students who have not studied data structure in school often find this part very boring and difficult to learn. In fact, if you can understand the significance of learning computer storage and data organization, you can fully appreciate the value and charm of data structure. Once you have interest, everything will be solved, hehe!
The second is the working principle of the operating system, which is often inaccessible to non-computer majors in school. Because the multi-task environment, synchronization and communication cooperation between modules and driver design related to embedded software design often need to be based on the understanding and mastery of the working mechanism of the operating system, it is recommended that students who have not studied systematically find a book on the working principle of the operating system and read it carefully (not particularly thick, professional and core, but mainly popularize knowledge first, hehe! )。
Third, the basic hardware foundation. Because the development of embedded Linux is often the route of ARM+Linux, if you want to master the structure and principle of mainstream embedded microprocessors (such as ARM9) in the subsequent learning process, you need to have a preliminary understanding and mastery of the working principle of hardware. It is recommended to read related professional books such as computer composition principle and architecture.
In more detail, the most important courses in embedded software include:
(1) embedded microprocessor structure and application: this is a basic course of embedded hardware. As we said, embedded software is a combination of hardware and software, and people engaged in embedded software should fully understand the working principle and interface technology of ARM processor, including ARM assembly instruction system. If you don't know the principle of the processor, how to control the hardware work, how to write the best code that saves memory and executes at high speed (embedded software design pays special attention to space-time efficiency), and how to write drivers (drivers are all dealing with hardware)? Many companies require familiarity with ARM processors when recruiting embedded software personnel. In the future, if students come to the company to develop embedded software, the company will give you a hardware specification of the equipment. You must be able to understand the most basic instructions such as memory allocation and port usage (just like x86 assembly), otherwise how to design software. Some students think the embedded processor course is boring, mainly because the hardware course is abstract. Some students are not interested in ARM assembly, and think that C language is enough for embedded development. In fact, we can't just regard assembly language as a programming language. The main purpose of learning assembly is to master the working principle of the processor. How can a person unfamiliar with assembly language write the best C code on this processor? In some key parts of embedded development, it is sometimes necessary to write an assembly, such as Bootloader (and possibly BSP). Especially in high-speed occasions (such as high-speed image acquisition and image decompression of DSP processor), the program is still written in assembly language, although the probability of using it is much smaller than that of C. When you work in an embedded company and read the manual describing the principle, many of them may be described by assembly. This is because many hardware designers can only write or like to describe with assembly. At this time, you must know the assembler, otherwise the software and hardware personnel may not be able to communicate. Many embedded positions require familiarity with assembly when recruiting.
(2) embedded operating system course
Except WinCE, most embedded operating systems have strong real-time performance, so they can also be called real-time operating systems. People engaged in embedded systems must master at least one embedded operating system (of course, it is better to master two), which is the most critical of all embedded technologies.
At present, the most important RTOS mainly includes: the first, the traditional and classic RTOS; the most important is the Vxworks operating system and its Tornado development platform. Because Vxworks appeared a little earlier, it has strong real-time performance (it is said that it can respond to external event requests within 1ms), and the kernel can be extremely small (it is said that it can be at least 8K) with high reliability, so in North America, Vxworks occupies more than half of embedded systems. Especially in systems with high real-time requirements such as communication equipment, almost none other than Vxworks. Many concepts and technologies of Vxworks are similar to those of Linux, mainly C language development. Vxworks is widely used by Bell-Alcatel, Lucent, Huawei and other communication companies when developing products. But because of the high price, Vxworks can't be used in some small companies or products. At present, many companies are switching to embedded Linux (I heard that Huawei is doing the same at present). But in any case, Vxworks will not waver for a long time. Similar to Vxworks, there are RTOS such as pSOS, QNX, Nucleus and so on.
Second, embedded Linux operating system: In addition to being a server operating system, the most successful future of Linux is its application in the embedded field. Of course, the reason is that it is free, open source, supports many softwares and attracts many users, so the cost of embedded products will be low. Linux itself is not an operating system designed for embedded systems, nor is it a microkernel, so its real-time performance is not strong.
At present, there are two main types of Linux systems applied in the embedded system: one is the cut Linux system specially designed for embedded systems, and the most commonly used one is uClinux (without MMU function), which currently accounts for a large share of applications and can run on ARM7; The other is running on ARM 9. Generally, the kernel of Linux 2.4. 18 is ported to it, and more Linux functions can be used (of course, uClinux can also run on ARM 9). Many people predict that embedded Linux will account for more than 50% of the embedded operating system, which is very important. The disadvantage is that there are too few people familiar with Linux, and the development is slightly more difficult. In addition, at present, we can find that many textbooks and many universities use ucOS/II as the real-time operating system for teaching. This is mainly because ucOS/II is simple and open source, which is very suitable for beginners to learn the principle of real-time operating system. However, due to limited functions, ucOS/II is rarely used in practice. Besides, being familiar with Linux development is not only useful in embedded field, but also helpful for developing Linux application software and deepening the understanding of operating system, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. As far as I know, at present, both Intel and Philip are doing embedded development of ARM+LINUX, while Fujitum is doing LINUX development on its own processor. At present, in the field of embedded Linux, it is particularly difficult to find people in the following aspects: one is to transplant Linux to a new model development version; Second, people who can write Linux drivers; Third, people who are familiar with Linux kernel reduction optimization. However, LINUX has a serious injury, that is, it does not have a friendly, convenient and beautiful interactive interface like WINDOWS, otherwise the Microsoft Empire would have been untenable.
The third category, Windows CE embedded operating system: Microsoft has also seen a huge embedded market, and MS is always the best. WinCE has been around for only a few years, but it has occupied a large market share at present, especially in the occasions where PDA, mobile phone, display instrument and other interfaces require higher requirements or develop rapidly. WinCE is very popular at present (it is said that a company selling industrial computers sells boards so well that it is too late to cut WinCE for customers). At present, WinCE is mainly version 4.2 (. NET), the development platform is mainly WinCE Platform Builder. Sometimes, some upper-level applications are developed in the EVC environment. Because WinCE development is a familiar VC++ environment, students who have studied Windows programming in our college will not have much difficulty, which is why WinCE is easily accepted by people. The development environment is convenient and fast, and with the strong technical support of Microsoft, the development difficulty of WinCE is much lower than that of embedded Linux. WinCE is most suitable for development occasions that are eager to complete and don't want to take risks with embedded Linux (people looking for embedded Linux are not so easy to find). After all, companies can't try like students, and it is more important to ensure the success of development. According to different emphases, WinCE has two special versions, one is that the MS PocketPC operating system is dedicated to PDA (handheld computer), and the other is that the MS SmartPhone operating system is used for smart phones (mobile phones with PDA function), both of which belong to WinCE platform. In the PDA and mobile phone market, besides WinCE, there are other well-known PDA embedded operating systems, such as Palm OS (which is very famous because of its early appearance) and Symbian. But under the strong impact of WinCE, how long will Palm and Symbian have in the future? It is very convenient and natural for students to learn WinCE after learning VC++. By learning WinCE, they can also understand the general development process of embedded software, which is also suitable for students who are afraid of Linux. Obviously, embedded LINUX can never replace WinCE, and it is hard to say who will take a large share in the future. After all, many people are more willing to accept the platform of MS, just like countries have been pushing LINUX for a long time, but how many users can you see actually using Linux on PCs? According to my observation, LINUX is the most popular embedded platform at present, but WinCE is actually used more. Embedded LINUX may be more of a company with long-term product planning, and make long-term considerations to reduce costs. WinCE and multimedia (such as MPEG technology) are one of the special projects that Microsoft Asia Institute of Engineering is currently doing, and people who are proficient in WinCE are urgently needed in society. Now there are WINCE smart phones, Kingsoft, WORD, EXCEL, REGEDIT and so on. There are *** artphone versions, and MP3 and DOC on PC can be automatically converted into *** artphone format when downloaded, which is very cool. You can use Windows CE to develop some necessary programs and download them to your mobile phone. Nowadays, PDA smart phones are popular in the market, and MS is always rich.
Summarize the course of embedded operating system. If you think you have a deep foundation, you can study hard and learn embedded Linux. If you think you have a good VC++ foundation and want to learn embedded development quickly, self-study WINCE is a very good choice.
(3) Related fields of embedded development
If you are familiar with some major fields of embedded applications, such people are more popular with enterprises. The main related areas include:
A. Digital image compression technology: This is one of the most important and popular application fields of embedded systems. Mainly to master MPEG encoding and decoding algorithms and technologies, such as DVD, MP3, PDA, HDTV, set-top box, etc., all involve MPEG high-speed decoding.
B communication protocol and programming technology: this includes traditional TCP/IP protocol and popular wireless communication protocol. First of all, most embedded devices are connected to the local area network or the Internet, so it is necessary to master the TCP/IP protocol and its programming, which is the basic technology that needs to be mastered first. Secondly, wireless communication is the general trend at present, so it is also important to master the wireless communication protocol and program design. Wireless communication protocols include wireless LAN communication protocol 802. 1 1 series, bluetooth, mobile communication (such as GPRS, GSM, CDMA, etc. ).
C. Network and information security technologies: such as encryption technology, digital certificate CA and various network security devices, including hardware firewalls, intrusion detection IDS, gas walls, IPS, etc. China still does not have its own advantages in this respect. It seems that our Dean Chen is developing in this direction.
D.DSP technology: DSP is digital signal processing, and DSP processor realizes digital signal processing algorithms through hardware, such as high-speed data acquisition, compression, decompression, communication, etc. Digital signal processing is a course for hardware majors such as electronics and communication, and it is best to understand software. At present, DSP talents are in short supply. If you have the foundation of courses such as signal and system and digital signal processing, it will be very helpful to learn the principle of MPEG encoding and decoding.
(4) Related hardware foundation of embedded development.
For students majoring in software engineering, it is more important to engage in embedded software development, such as digital circuits, computer composition principles, embedded microprocessor structure and other hardware courses. In addition, basic software courses such as assembly language, C/C++ data structure algorithm, especially operating system are also very important. Our main purpose is to understand the working principle of hardware, but the focus should be on embedded software, especially operating system-level software, which will be our advantage. Some of our graduate students are majoring in electronics and communication, and have a good foundation in analog circuits and microcontrollers, which is very suitable for learning embedded systems.
Embedded itself is developed from single chip microcomputer, but single chip microcomputer has no OS, and now many embedded applications are becoming more and more complex, so that embedded operating system has to be introduced. In addition, in order to pursue higher signal processing speed, many companies now use hardware to implement some DSP algorithms, such as MPEG compression and decompression algorithms, which involves HDL digital circuit design technology and its FPGA/IP core implementation technology, and people in this field are scarce in the market at present.
Huaqing Vision has a high reputation for its embedded teaching materials. They are sold in the university library and the bookstore outside. You can search online and buy one. Huaqing Vision's website and technical forum also have many embedded learning materials and videos that can be downloaded and updated quickly. If you encounter difficulties in your study, you can go around. I believe it will help you!
Is information technology just computer technology? Information technology is a technology that studies the acquisition, transmission and processing of information. It is a combination of computer technology, communication technology and microelectronics technology, and is sometimes called "modern information technology". In other words, information technology is a new discipline that uses computer to process information and modern electronic communication technology to collect, store, process and utilize information, as well as related product manufacturing, technology development and information service. Information technology may be mechanical or laser; It may be electronic or biological. Information technology mainly includes sensing technology, communication technology, computer technology and microform technology.
Computer technology is the science and technology to study computing equipment. Including computer hardware, software and their applications. It extends the function of human thinking organs to process information and make decisions.
Whether speech recognition technology is electronic technology or computer technology is mainly computer software technology, but electronics and computers are inseparable. Without electronic voice input and sensors, computer programs cannot be used.
Learn computer technology to make money or electrician? Computer technology is very large, and the employment direction is very wide, mainly depending on whether your learning foundation is solid or not.
After work, you should learn relevant knowledge, sum up experience and improve yourself. There is no * * * in the future.
Electricians can find stable jobs, and the salary will not be too high or too low. With the improvement of experience, wages will increase to a certain extent.
It's not bad to get a stable life, depending on your personality and choice. If you are steady, you can learn to be an electrician and save money to marry a wife.
If you want to break through the challenge of enrichment, teach yourself computer, and then don't give up trying to enrich yourself. It is always useful.
After all, the future is still the era of computers.
What is the latest computer technology? 1, enterprise portal
2. finish
3. Data warehouse