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Pedagogy is a social science that studies human educational activities and their laws. It exists widely in human life. Through the study of educational phenomena and problems, the general laws of education are revealed.
/kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, the emergence of Marxism and the development of modern psychology and physiology laid the foundation of dialectical materialism philosophy and natural science for science education. The development of modern production, science and technology and the extensiveness and richness of educational practice have further promoted the development of pedagogy.
The research object of pedagogy is the phenomena and problems of human education and the general laws of education. It is an intrinsic and essential connection and relationship among education, society, people and various factors within education, which is objective, inevitable, stable and repetitive.
The theory of formal education originated in ancient Greece and ran through the whole Middle Ages. It was formed in17th century, prevailed in18-19th century and declined in 20th century. The main representatives are Locke and Pestalozzi.
The main points are: the purpose of education is to develop students' various functions or abilities; Formal subjects (such as Greek, Latin, mathematics, logic, etc. ) or classical humanities courses have the most development value; Teaching principles and methods are based on the internal development order of students' psychological function.
The theory of substantive education originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was suppressed in the Middle Ages, formed in18th century, flourished in19th century, and declined in the early 20th century, with Herbart and Spencer as the main representatives.
The main points are as follows: the purpose of education is to teach students a wide range of life-related knowledge; Substantive subjects (such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, law) or practical courses closely related to human secular life are the most valuable; Teaching principles and methods should adapt to the laws of children's physical and mental development, and be pleasant and effective.