Reflections on the phenomenon of left-behind children in rural areas
First, what is left-behind children in rural areas
With the development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, more and more rural young adults have entered the city, and some of them have flocked to the city with their parents. But more children have no conditions to move to the city with their parents and can only stay in the countryside. They are taken care of by grandparents or other relatives. This special group of minors is called left-behind children. In short, left-behind children in rural areas refer to those children whose parents either go to the city or work in economically developed areas and are left behind in their hometown.
Of course, these parents who go out to work generally make certain arrangements for their children's study and life. Accordingly, left-behind children in rural areas can be divided into the following types:
1. Children whose parents go out to work and are raised by one parent alone can be regarded as "single-parent families" from a certain point of view. Children in such families have no father's love or maternal love more than children in ordinary families (children with parents around).
2. Both parents go out to work, and the children are raised by grandparents, which forms the phenomenon of intergenerational support, and the left-behind children in rural areas account for the vast majority. Children who grow up in this kind of family lack paternal love and maternal love, but get the doting of grandparents.
3. Parents go out to work, and children entrusted to relatives are also common.
4. A few parents who go out to work arrange for their children to board at school or take other forms of folk care. If some parents have hired surrogate parents for their children, these surrogate parents have signed agreements with the parents of left-behind children in rural areas. Parents pay a certain agency fee for this every year, and the agency parents must take good care of the daily life of these children and educate and manage them well.
According to statistics, China's current floating population exceeds 65.438+0.3 billion, such as Anhui, Henan, Sichuan and other labor exporting provinces, and about 1 10,000 migrant workers are abroad every year. In some areas, left-behind children have reached 70% of local children. Left-behind children, a huge group, has obviously become a special vulnerable group in China's social transformation period. Due to the lack of family care and parents' effective education management, their healthy growth has become a problem that cannot be ignored in current society.
Second, what are the problems of left-behind children?
A left-behind child wrote in his composition: "A person is a home, a person thinks, a person laughs and a person cries. My parents went out to work when I was very young. I don't know what is fatherly love and maternal love, and I can't even remember what they look like. I have never failed in the exam, and it is self-evident how bad my self-confidence is. I was the last last semester, and I don't want to be the last this semester. " This is the voice of many left-behind children, which makes people worry after reading it. In the absence of affection, these children have a series of psychological, moral and learning problems, which can be summarized as follows:
First, security issues. Although left-behind children have some guardians, the guardians entrusted by their parents, such as elders, relatives and surrogate parents, cannot effectively supervise their children due to various reasons such as age, economy and life. Moreover, they often think that as long as they feed and warm their children, they have fulfilled their guardianship responsibilities, and the rest are children's schools. Therefore, in the absence of teacher supervision after school and holidays, left-behind children become absolute people and do whatever they want. We know that children often lack the awareness and ability of self-protection. Parents are not around, without their direct care and education, children are often easily targeted by some lawless elements. For example, in Sichuan, there was even a case where a girl aged 13 was left at home and was born by her uncle. In addition, because parents are not around their children, children lack the warm care of their families, which leads to many cases of children committing suicide.
Second, the psychological character problem. According to most surveys on left-behind children, mental health and personality development are the most common and prominent problems for left-behind children. Due to the lack of opportunities for left-behind children to communicate with their parents, there is a serious sense of "family hunger", and other guardians can not replace the complete guardianship duties that parents should perform. Therefore, when left-behind children encounter different situations such as success, failure, progress, depression, sadness, loneliness, etc., they have no trusted elders to talk to and guide them, and often they can only handle them by themselves. Especially when encountering setbacks, they are unwilling to communicate with their guardians, and tend to go to extremes in psychology and personality. There are many problems in the following aspects: (1) inferiority, self-abandonment, lack of self-confidence and weak self-motivation. Unwilling to communicate with others, introverted and not cheerful. It is easy for teachers to cry when talking to them. (2) Self-esteem is too high, inner sensitivity, discipline and criticism by teachers, relatives and friends, and it is easy to produce strong rebellious psychology. I always feel that someone is bullying him, haggling over every ounce and disapproving. (3) resentment towards parents, thinking that parents abandoned themselves in order to make money, did not understand their parents' going out, and even deliberately alienated their parents after returning home.
Third, the issue of moral conduct. Left-behind children are generally preschool children, primary school students and junior high school students, who are at a critical moment of psychological growth. If grandparents raise education from generation to generation, it often means that illiterate people will raise children; And entrusted to relatives to take care of, relatives generally think it is inconvenient to discipline too much or often ask questions, after all, not their own children; However, due to the limitation of educational conditions, rural teachers pay very limited attention to each student. Therefore, left-behind children are prone to negative changes in their behavior habits and it is difficult to correct them in time. Some even have serious violations of law and discipline, which seriously affects their healthy growth.
Fourth, learning problems. Those children raised by grandparents can't get help and guidance in their studies because of their low educational level. Moreover, it is difficult for children with one parent at home to learn from their parents. Because the parents who stay at home take on all the housework and field work alone, they have no time to pay attention to their children's study. The vast majority of migrant workers choose to leave their homes to go out to work, hoping that through their own efforts, their families' lives will be better and better, so that their children can study hard, receive a good education, have a bright future and no longer go their own way. However, it often backfires. According to some surveys, most left-behind children's grades are generally or below average. Of course, some left-behind children study hard, but their parents' expectations are too high and their children are under great pressure to learn. Once they encounter setbacks, they will easily collapse. Some children, because of poor self-control, have no one to urge them to study, and are influenced by the outside world. They think that learning is the same or different, and they are not interested in learning.
Third, how to solve the problem of left-behind children in rural areas.
The problem of left-behind children in rural areas will not only endanger the healthy growth of these children, but also have a greater negative impact on rural education and social development. It is of great significance to solve this problem. The solution of this problem will contribute to the real implementation and quality improvement of nine-year compulsory education in rural areas. The solution of this problem depends on the joint efforts and cooperation of family, school and society.
1. From the perspective of family education. First of all, before entrusting a guardian, parents should carefully consider whether the entrusted person has guardianship ability, such as physical, economic, ideological and moral status. If the client is very old, in poor health and limited ability, then this kind of entrustment is not only meaningless, but even harmful. Secondly, parents should take care of, educate and guide their children's life in their hometown in all aspects of study and life, such as calling their children, their clients and teachers to ask about their basic situation. Third, if possible, try to take children to their work places and let them grow up beside them. Fourth, parents should be good at educating their children about the experience of going out to work in an appropriate way. At present, people pay more attention to the difficulties faced by left-behind children. But in fact, there is huge educational wealth behind staying behind. If parents who go out to work can educate their children about the hardships and hardships of life away from home, as well as the advanced deeds of various efforts and struggles, from this perspective, the relationship between parents and children is not weakened but strengthened. Therefore, it should be the main measure to strengthen the communication and exchange between left-behind children and their parents by taking all kinds of positive experiences of parents going out to work as educational media.
2. From the perspective of school education. School education should be the main channel to influence the growth of left-behind children. Strive to make school education, social education and family education form a joint force. This requires that school education should not only complete the education of left-behind children at school, but also consciously extend the life of left-behind children outside school to make up for their life vacuum outside school and promote their healthy development. In this regard, schools should give full play to their educational advantages, pay special attention to communication with parents, and improve their understanding of education. For students whose parents go out to work all the year round, teachers should increase home visits, or report their children's study, life and thoughts to their parents through letters and letters, and provide targeted education and guidance. In view of the moral behavior deviation and psychological obstacles of left-behind children, psychological and psychological correction work is carried out regularly. At the same time, the school can hold class meetings around the families of left-behind children to guide students to form a correct understanding of the phenomenon of parents going out to work; Parents who go out to work can also be invited to attend the class meeting. Left-behind children can understand and respect their parents and form a correct outlook on life through the narration of working experience and the direct communication between migrant workers and students.
3. From the social point of view. Compared with ordinary children, left-behind children are more easily influenced by the surrounding bad environment because of the lack of restraint, communication and guidance in their living environment. Therefore, we should mobilize all social forces to create a good external environment for the healthy growth of left-behind children in rural areas. Although school life is one of the most important lifestyles of left-behind children, any factor in the whole social life will directly or indirectly affect the growth and development of left-behind children. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the cultural construction of rural villages and towns, vigorously rectify the surrounding environment of the campus, severely crack down on illegal internet cafes and video game rooms, eradicate the poison of various mental pollution to children, and let rural primary and secondary school students receive education and edification in a good environment.
4. From your point of view. To completely solve the problem of left-behind children, all departments and levels need to work together. From a horizontal point of view, ministries and commissions should coordinate and perform their duties, such as public security, news and other functional departments, and should earnestly perform their functions and share the responsibility of education and protection for left-behind children with schools. From a vertical perspective, all provinces and localities should coordinate policies and integrate resources to effectively solve this problem. For example, the relevant departments should guide and educate rural parents who work in cities, strengthen the family education concept of migrant workers' parents, and let migrant workers' parents learn the correct way to communicate with and educate their children, so as to give play to their unique educational functions. We should take the initiative to bear the corresponding responsibilities and make preparations in advance. Conditional rural areas and places can create conditions to establish boarding schools, try their best to provide accommodation convenience for left-behind children, and at the same time let them get warmth from teachers and classmates.
In a word, the education of left-behind children in rural areas poses a severe challenge not only to families, schools, but also to our whole social education system. At present, the education of left-behind children is far from perfect, and school education has no conditions to go deep into the school life of left-behind children. The education of left-behind children has a long way to go.