"There is no great historical disaster that cannot be compensated by historical progress". What Engels said embodies the identity of contradictions. Natural disasters and major accidents bring hardships and pains to human beings, but at the same time, they also make human beings more consciously understand and grasp the laws of nature, enhance their ability to resist natural disasters and avoid accidents, and then promote the progress of human civilization.
In the natural disaster "Wenchuan Earthquake" and the major accident "Shanghai stampede", China people, especially young students, did not have the corresponding ability to avoid risks in the face of disasters. From these disasters, we can see that the problem of "life safety education" is becoming more and more prominent, which has once again aroused people's thinking.
Life safety education is integrated into school physical education.
Caring for life and educating young students about life safety were implemented earlier in Japan and Russia.
Due to its special geographical location and climate characteristics, Japan often suffers from natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. These disasters prompted Japan to attach importance to crisis education at the national level, and the content of safety education was clearly stipulated in the guiding essentials of school health sports earlier.
These contents are comprehensive and systematic. The first is to prevent natural disasters, traffic accidents and other injuries. According to Jason, a student of Waseda University in Luxi, Hunan Province, safety education runs through primary school to high school, and schools treat it differently according to different grades. Emergency evacuation, escape and emergency self-help drills have become the daily activities of the school. At the same time, Japan's compensation system for life safety education is also relatively perfect.
Raise compensation for school accidents through various channels such as local, school, society and individuals, and bear the compensation liability that the school should bear. Jason said that Japan's life safety education compensation system is relatively successful. The school will not "stop eating because of choking" and will not implicitly stop. Students should receive physical education and guidance.
At present, China and Russia have normal exchanges in politics, economy, culture and sports, so it is necessary to exchange and learn from each other in school sports. The reporter tried to understand and analyze the life safety education implemented in Russia.
Tang Honggui, director of the Sports Theory Teaching and Research Section of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, studied in Russia and was quite familiar with the rise and implementation of the course "Life Safety Basis" in Russia. He introduced that based on the domestic social reality and students' physique, Russia has adjusted the basic education curriculum, canceled the "Youth Recruitment Training" course and replaced it with the "Life Safety Foundation" course, which covers the dangers that the surrounding environment may cause to people's life and health, personal safety, lifestyle and life safety under extreme abnormal conditions. Tang Honggui believes that "Russia views and studies life safety education on a newer and broader basis, which is a broad concept of social security."
"Compared with Russian and Japanese, the development of life safety education in China lags behind and there are some shortcomings." Industry analysts believe that.
There is no perfect life safety education system.
At present, from kindergarten to university, the system of life education is almost zero, and there are widespread phenomena of "emphasizing theory over practice" and "emphasizing thought over action". The reporter's investigation found that the awareness and actions of schools at all levels on the importance of safety education are often only implemented in documents and conference reports, but on the grounds of insufficient financial, material and human resources, safety education has not really been implemented in action. Conduct life safety education in the form of special lectures, wall posters and window posters. It's like a show.
The school's understanding of life safety education lags behind. Analyzing the reasons, the realistic pressure of enrollment rate and employment rate makes the quality education of schools often stay in words, or in response to the inspection of superiors. All talk and no action, "giant in words, dwarf in action." Although China learned from a bitter experience after the disaster and summarized many contents and methods of emergency avoidance, the actual practice is still vacillating. Quality education has been called for decades, but students are still under great pressure to enter higher education, forcing schools to pay attention only to the enrollment rate and ignore others, and the education on life safety is even more intermittent. At the same time, in order to avoid responsibilities and risks, and avoid economic losses caused by safety accidents, many schools adopt "closed doors" to run schools, prohibit students from taking part in extracurricular activities such as spring outing, and even prohibit students from participating in sports or sports competitions. These extreme safety protections are an escape from life education.
Life safety education is in the exploratory stage. Although there are some contents about "knowing and learning common life-saving methods" and "having general ability to deal with safety problems" in the Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standard of China, there are no clear requirements for the implementation of physical prevention knowledge such as escape and self-help, which obviously cannot adapt to the reality of frequent natural disasters in China. The outstanding performance is dogmatism, which only pays attention to the teaching of traditional knowledge. School physical education teachers, as enlighteners, guide students to master all kinds of unexpected situations and all kinds of knowledge and skills of self-help and mutual rescue. There are also some misunderstandings in life safety education, but they only regulate students in class to ensure that students do not have safety accidents.
Parents' behavior is a big shackle that restricts life safety education. Let children participate in some physical exercises, and parents are afraid that their children will be tired; The school organizes students to go outdoors to sketch or travel in spring (autumn) for fear that their children will get hurt, and so on. Forced by these helpless realities, many schools have to cancel some group activities for the safety of their children.
Life safety education and physical education can be combined into one.
During the reporter's visit to primary and secondary schools, the heads of many schools put forward suggestions on students' "life safety education", saying, "We should turn sporadic safety education and passive preventive education into systematic and all-round life safety education. In recent years, Europe, America and South Korea have chosen the platform of physical education to carry out life safety education. Their successful cases have reference value for the health and safety education of students in China. "
Life safety education, especially emergency avoidance ability training, has essential connection with school physical education and can be incorporated into the daily school physical education system.
The insiders believe that taking school sports as a platform to realize the normal operation of emergency avoidance ability training and life education needs to consider three aspects.
Bring "Sansheng" education into the category of school physical education. Teacher dorri from the School of Physical Education of Yunnan University suggested that physical education, health education and life safety education should be integrated, and various emergency skills should be simulated and practiced through situational teaching of physical education.
Innovate physical education teaching methods and explore effective teaching models. After the training of emergency avoidance ability is incorporated into physical education curriculum, it is necessary to innovate physical education teaching methods and teaching models to make physical education teaching more "close to students, close to life and close to natural scenes". Physical education teachers should explore the contents related to sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation in their daily teaching and sports activities.
Strengthen professional teachers' own ability and reconstruct teachers' professional quality. Through the improvement of teachers' own quality, we can promote the expansion of life safety education in the field of school physical education, and finally realize the perfect combination of youth life education and physical education.
The school physical education curriculum is not to teach students to practice a few events to cope with the entrance examination, but to enhance students' self-protection ability, which is also the essential feature of physical education-that is, self-protection of the body, strengthening the body and individual vitality. The security demand mentioned by psychologist Maslow in the hierarchy of needs is the basic demand second only to the survival demand. In this sense, it is feasible to implement life safety education in school physical education curriculum. "Establish a life safety education plan for students as soon as possible, explore effective teaching methods, and establish a scientific life safety education system."