Answer: (1) Montessori emphasizes the potential of children's talents and advocates that children should develop their potential in an environment full of love and freedom. Therefore, she believes that the purpose of education is to develop children's "life rules", help children develop their lives, let each child's natural potential develop naturally in a suitable environment, and promote their all-round development on the basis of understanding children. (2) Under the guidance of educational purposes, Montessori believes that the fundamental principle of education is to let children be free and let their nature show naturally. Children's learning should be voluntary and not mandatory. The role of teachers is to provide children with an environment that conforms to their physical and mental development and help them realize self-education. There are two specific educational principles: ① Environmental education principles. Montessori attaches great importance to the creation of environment, that is, to provide a prepared environment for children. The so-called prepared environment is an organized and coordinated set of materials or toys to promote children's effective learning. ② The principle that teachers are observers and instructors of children's activities.