God gives people the principle of yin and yang and five elements, and people cultivate the ultimate virtue with this principle, which is called "sex" (Plato said in ancient Greece-idea)
After people have sex, they obey it, which is called Tao. (Plato in ancient Greece said-justice)
Saints should use Tao to restrain the people and their behavior, so that those who do things too much will retreat when they know difficulties, and those who do things less advanced will retreat when they know difficulties. This is called "teaching".
There is "sex" first, then "Tao" and then "teaching". Sex, Taoism and teaching are in the same strain, and they are logically interrelated.
"Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching" can be said to be a source of the theory of "harmony between man and nature". These three sentences are the beginning of the golden mean. Understanding this beginning is the key for us to enter the golden mean.
The "nature of destiny" here means that the origin of human beings is created by heaven and is a part of it. The particularity he contains, that is, human nature, is linked with his knowledge (innate, different from animal nature).
People themselves are "benevolence". This "benevolence" is characterized by his knowledge, and the seeds of good and evil, truth and falsehood, beauty and ugliness are the concept of "harmony between man and nature".
The so-called "heaven" in the "destiny" here is not the natural meaning of modern people. This "heaven" is the supreme god with personality significance. Confucianism believes that from the day of birth, people must obey the "destiny", complete themselves in the "destiny", achieve everyone's nature different from animals, and complete the "destiny" gift.
In the golden mean, "destiny" is inherent in people. It is not because people's posture sets rules and provides some norms, but directly enters people's hearts to form human nature and give orders to people. In this transmission process, the giver is "heaven", the receiver is human, and human nature directly inherits "destiny", which is the direct reason why everyone can achieve human nature. In this thought, man must fulfill the "destiny" given by "heaven", because this is exactly where man differs from animals, which is also the basis of human achievements. The doctrine of the mean was later inherited by Mencius and Wang Lu School in Song and Ming Dynasties. Mencius' kindness, truth-seeking and Lu Wang's rationality are the continuation and development of this thought.
In an academic and cultural lecture entitled "General Outline of China Thought", Mr. Qian Mu once explained three sentences of the golden mean:
That's true. These three sentences sound simple, but their meanings are extremely profound. It is not a description of the phenomenon world, but a judgment of the nature of human nature based on long-term tradition and unique insight. This is a belief, but it is not an unfounded belief. This belief is not induced by experience, but it can be used to explain people's main experience.
In other words, the reason why people constitute such a human world requires not only distinguishing good from evil, but also seeking good and avoiding evil. It seems that there are really commands in it-this is probably the golden mean, Tao, God, nature, ideas, and Tathagata.
Attached:
doctrine of the mean
The Doctrine of the Mean is a classic work of ancient Confucianism in China. It is listed as one of the "Four Books" by Zhu, which embodies Confucian political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. It is the source of China's traditional cultural thought and the treasure house of Chinese wisdom.
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Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching.
Tao is also inseparable for a moment, and it can be separated, and it is not Tao. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of. Don't be invisible, don't be subtle, so a gentleman is cautious.
Happiness, anger, sadness, and joy are not sent, which is called; All the hair is in the middle section, called and. If you are in the middle, you are the biggest in the world; He who is harmonious achieves the way of the world. Neutrality, the position of heaven, the education of all things.
Zhong Ni said: "A gentleman is moderate, but a villain is against the mean. Gentleman's doctrine of the mean, gentleman and time; The villain is also anti-mean, and the villain will do whatever it takes. "
Confucius said, "The golden mean is the ultimate! People rarely last long. "
Confucius said, "I know what I can't do, what I know can't do, and what a fool can't do." I know it's unknown, the sage has passed, and there is no evil. People seldom know the taste after eating and drinking. "
Confucius said, "It's no use talking, husband!"
Confucius said, "Shun's great wisdom is also relevant! Shun is good at asking questions and observing words, hiding evil and promoting good, holding both ends and using them for the people. His thoughts are fluent! "
Confucius said: "Everyone knows, drives it, takes it, falls into it, falls into it, but doesn't know. As we all know, if you choose the golden mean, you can't keep it for a month. "
Confucius said, "If you are a man, you can choose the middle way. If you get a good deed, you will be convinced, but you will lose something. "
Confucius said: "All countries in the world can be equal, and you can resign, dance with white blades, and not be moderate."
Lutz asked for strength. Confucius said, "Is the south stronger? What is the strength of the north? Restraint and reinforcement? Be lenient to be taught, not to report no way, to be strong in the south, and to be a gentleman. Jin Ge, die tirelessly, the north is strong, and the strong live there.
"So the gentleman and not flow, strong zai correction! Neutral and impartial, strong and correct! State-owned road, unchanged, strong and positive! The country has no choice but to die. It is strong and correct! "
Confucius said, "Su Zangqi, there are many stories in the future, and I will do them. I can do it if a gentleman follows the crowd and gives up halfway. A gentleman follows the doctrine of the mean, not knowing but not regretting. Only a saint can do it. "
The way of a gentleman is hidden. The stupidity of a couple can be related to knowing, and more importantly, although the saints don't know. Couples can do whatever they want, but even saints can't do whatever they want.
People are still lamenting the vastness of heaven and earth. Therefore, the language of a gentleman is big, and the world can't carry it; If it is small, the world can't be broken. The poem says, "The kite flies in the sky and the fish jumps in Yu Yuan." Look from top to bottom. A gentleman's way is to create a couple and even observe the world.
Confucius said, "Man is not far from the Tao. Those who are far from Tao cannot be Tao. The poem says,' Wako Wako is not far.' There is still a long way to go to beat Ke. Therefore, a gentleman rules people by man, and that's it. "
"Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from violating the law. Do it for yourself instead of others. "
"The way of a gentleman lies in four, and Qiu failed to make a difference. I hope my son can serve my father, but I can't. I wish I could serve you, but I can't; I want my brother to be my brother, but I can't. What you want depends on your friend giving it to you first, but you can't. Yongde's trip, without saying anything, has shortcomings, dare not hesitate, and has more than enough. Say what you care about and do what you care about. A gentleman is not stubborn! "
A gentleman walks in his own position and doesn't want to be outside. Sue, be rich; Poverty is poverty; Su Yi emperor, walking in the Yi emperor; There's always trouble, always trouble. A gentleman is not complacent.
In the upper position, not under the mausoleum; Secondly, it doesn't help. If you are right and don't ask others, you have no complaints. I don't complain, but I don't care about others. Therefore, a gentleman is easy to live in, and a villain is desperate and lucky. Confucius said, "The shooter is like a gentleman, not a son of heaven. Instead, we look for them. "
A gentleman's way is to be complacent if he goes far, and to feel inferior if he climbs high. The poem says, "A wife is like a harp. The two brothers are happy and anxious. Il family, Ler wife. " Confucius said, "Parents are happy!"
Confucius said, "Ghosts and gods are virtuous, and people are prosperous! Look at it, look at it, listen to it, smell it and leave it behind. Let all the people in the world be aboveboard and well-dressed in order to bear the sacrifice. As if on it, as if on its left and right. " Poetry says:' God's thinking is unpredictable and can be reflected.' Husband's subtle sincerity can't be hidden, so husband! "
Confucius said, "Shun is very filial, and he is with you! Virtue is a saint, respect is the son of heaven, be rich in the four seas, enjoy the ancestral temple and protect children and grandchildren. Therefore, Dade will win its position, its wealth, its name and its longevity. Therefore, the creatures in the sky must be distinguished according to their materials. Therefore, those who plant it raise it, and those who lean down also. " "Poetry" says:' A gentleman enjoys virtue. The right people are pleasant, and they are blessed by heaven. Bless your life and apply from heaven. "So, the sage must have an order."
Confucius said, "Who has no worries, but Wen Wang?" ? Take Wang Ji as the father, Wu Wang as the son, what the father did, what the son said. King Wu, King Qi and King Wen are all in the world. He does not lose his name in the world, respects himself as the son of heaven, is rich in the four seas, enjoys the ancestral temple and is protected by his descendants.
"featuring the last years, the duke of Zhou into the virtue of civil and military, chasing the king, Wang Li, worship the first male with the gift of the son of heaven. Politeness also depends on governors, doctors and scholars, and Shu Ren. Father is a doctor, son is a scholar, buried with the doctor and sacrificed to the scholar: father is a scholar, son is a doctor, buried with the scholar and sacrificed to the scholar. The loss of menstrual period is decided by the doctor; The loss of three years is almost the son of heaven. Losing parents, no nobility, one also. "
Confucius said: "King Wu and Duke Zhou are filial! Filial piety is good at inheriting people's aspirations and telling people's things. During the Spring and Autumn Period, ancestral temples were built and Chen Qi's instruments were installed, so it was recommended to eat at that time. The ceremony of the ancestral temple made Zhao Mu also; Order Jue, so distinguish between high and low; Order, so distinguish virtue; Travel pays the best, so seize the cheap; Mao Yan, so the sequence of teeth also.
"Practice its position, perform its rites, have fun, respect its honour, and love its relatives. Birds of a feather flock together, birds of a feather flock together, and filial piety is the most important thing. Rituals in suburban communities, so this is God's business; The ceremony of the ancestral temple, so it is also the first time. Know the ceremony of the suburban community, know the taste, and govern the country like the palm of your hand! "
Mourn for the public and ask for politics. Confucius said, "The politics of literature and the politics of soldiers are all in the plan. If people exist, it will be a political move; When a person dies, his political interest is gone. Humanism is sensitive to politics and tunnels are sensitive to trees. Husband is also a politician, and so is Prue. Therefore, the government is in the people, take the people as an example, cultivate one's morality by virtue, and take benevolence as the foundation.
"Benevolent people, people are also close to each other; Honest people should also respect kind people. Kissing kills people, respecting good people, and so on. , courtesy is born. Secondly, if you can't get it, the people can't get it and rule it. Therefore, a gentleman cannot cultivate himself; Thinking about self-cultivation, you can't ignore your loved ones; Thinking about things, you can't be ignorant of people; He who thinks of people doesn't know heaven.
"There are five ways, so there are three people to do it. Yue: monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brother Kun, friend. Fifth, the way of the world is also. Knowledge, kindness and courage are the virtues of the world. Therefore, those who walk are also. Or born to know, or learn to know, or trapped to know, and one of them knows. If you do it safely, profitably, or reluctantly, you will succeed. "
Confucius said, "Learn to be close to knowledge, be close to benevolence, be close to shame and be brave. Knowing the three, you will know how to cultivate yourself; If you know how to cultivate yourself, you will know how to treat people; If you know how to govern the people, you will know how to govern the country.
"There are nine classics in all countries in the world, such as: cultivate one's morality, respect morality, kiss, respect officials, respect officials, obey Shu Ren, come to work diligently, be gentle and far away, and cherish princes. Cultivate one's morality is the way to stand, respect the sage without confusion, kiss for the father and brother, respect the minister without dazzle, reward the body and minister, persuade Zi and Shu Ren by the people, make full use of the money, be gentle and return far away, be pregnant with princes and fear the world.
"Qi Mingsheng fu, molested, so cultivate one's morality. Go to the far color, bitch and noble, so advise Xian also. Respect their status, attach importance to their wealth and share their likes and dislikes, so it is recommended that they kiss. The official was appointed as an ambassador, so he suggested to the minister. Loyalty values Lu, so I advise scholars. When you make it thin, you should convince the people. The monthly exam in Japan is a very important thing, so I suggest all workers do it. Send to meet, Jiashan and cherish can't, so soft people are far away.
"After the beautiful, waste country, chaos in danger, and choose and employ persons at the time, favoring one over the other, so I am pregnant with princes. All countries in the world have nine classics, so those who do it are also. "
"Everything is ready, and if you are not prepared, it will be wasted. I won't be embarrassed before speaking, I won't be sleepy before deciding, I won't be embarrassed before going, and I won't be poor before going. "
"If we don't get the next position, the people can't get it and rule it. If you get the right method, don't trust your friends, you won't get it. Trust your friends, but don't trust your relatives. Don't trust your friends. If you follow your relatives, you will be dishonest, but you will not follow your relatives. If you are sincere, you don't know good, and if you are not sincere, you don't know good. "
"Honesty, heaven; Honest people, people's way is also. An honest man, unwilling to work hard, gets it without thinking, goes with the times and becomes a saint. Honest people choose goodness and are stubborn. "
"erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and perseverance. Yes, Fu Neng of learning, Fu CuO also; There are questions, problems and measures; There are Fu Si, Fu De and Fu CuO who are thinking; There are Fu Bian, Fu Ming and Fu CuO; There are blessings, blessings, blessings. If a person can do it, he will do it; People can do it in ten ways and thousands of ways. If you can do this, you will know if you are stupid, but if you are soft, you will be strong. "
Being honest with yourself is called sex. Self-knowledge and sincerity are called teaching. Sincerity is clear, and clarity is sincere.
Only when the world is sincere can we do our best. If you can do your best, you can do your best. If you can make full use of human nature, you can create the best things. If we can make the best use of everything, we can praise the teaching of heaven and earth. If you can praise the cultivation of heaven and earth, you can participate in it.
Secondly, songs can be sincere. Honesty means shape, shape means writing, writing means being clear, being clear means moving, moving means changing, and changing means changing. Only sincerity can be transformed in the world.
A sincere way can be known. If the country wants to prosper, it must be auspicious; If the country is going to die, there must be evil spirits. See the tortoise, move four bodies. Misfortune comes from the mouth, and good is rewarded; If you are not good, you must be a prophet. As sincere as a god.
Honesty, self-contained; And the Tao, since the Tao also. Honesty is the goal, but dishonesty is useless. Therefore, honesty is the most important thing for a gentleman. An honest man is not himself, so he becomes something. Be yourself and be kind; The achievements are well known. The virtue of sex is also a combination of appearance and appearance, and it is appropriate to take timely measures.
Therefore, sincere interest-free, endless, long-lasting, long-lasting, long-lasting, long-lasting, rich and brilliant. Bo thick, so load also; Smart, so the cover is also; It has a long history, so it has become a thing. Rich and thick land, clever and natural, long and boundless. In this way, if you can't see, you will change and stay still, and you will do nothing.
The way of heaven and earth, in a word. If it's different, it's unpredictable. The way of heaven and earth is rich, thick, high, bright, leisurely and long.
There are so many things in the sky today, and they are endless. The sun, the moon and the stars are related, and everything is there. Today, the husband's land, a pinch of soil, is wide and thick, carrying Hua Yue but not heavy, vibrating the rivers and seas without leaking, and everything is carried. Today, there are as many stones as there are, and they are vast, where there are plants and animals, and where there are treasures. There is as much water as a spoonful today, which is unexpected. Giant salamander, arowana and soft-shelled turtle are born, and wealth is cultivated.
"Poetry" says: "The fate of Mu is inexhaustible." The reason why Gaitian is heaven is also. "This is not obvious, Wang Wen's virtue is pure." The reason why the beggar gang leader is a Japanese writer is pure.
Great, the way of saints! Magnificent! The development of everything is extremely steep in the sky. Yo-yo Etiquette 300, dignity 3000, act first when dealing with others. Therefore, there is no way without virtue. Therefore, a gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge, making it broad and subtle, extremely bright and moderate, learning new things by reviewing old ones, and being sincere and respectful.
I was not arrogant in my former residence, but I didn't feel inferior either. There are state-owned roads, and their words are enough to prosper the country; There is nothing the country can do. Silence is enough. The poem says, "Be wise, be wise, and protect your body." This is called "harmony".
Confucius said, "Foolish and good are for personal use, while mean and good are for self-specialization; Being born in this world is an anti-ancient way. In that case, it's a disaster.
"The son of heaven, rude, no system, no test. I got off the bus today, the same track, the same book, the same route. Although there is a person, if there is no virtue, I dare not be polite; Although it has its virtues, it has no place to stand and does not dare to treat it with courtesy. "
Confucius said, "I don't want to ask for a summer gift. I learn from Li Yin, and I have Song Cunyan. I studied Zhou Li and use it today. I learn from Zhou. "
There are three things in the king's world, too few! People who have reached the top, although good, have no signs, no signs of disbelief, and do not believe in the obedience of the people. Those who go to the countryside are disrespectful, disrespectful and don't believe in people's obedience.
Therefore, the way of a gentleman, based on the masses, gathers all the Shu Ren, tests the three kings without being absurd, builds heaven and earth without contradiction, creates ghosts and gods without doubt, and is immortal without confusion. There is no doubt about the quality of ghosts and gods, knowing heaven; Immortals are not confused when they are saints, but also know people.
Therefore, the gentleman moves and the world is the way of the world, the world is the way of the world, and the world is the way of the world. If you are far away, you will look at it, but if you are near, you will never tire.
The poem says, "There is no evil there, and there is no shooting here. After a few nights, I will always be honored. " Without fault, there are fleas all over the world.
Their ancestors are He Shun, who are famous for their writing and martial arts. When they resort to the law, they attack the soil and water. If the heavens and the earth are loaded, they will all be covered; Just like the wrong line at four o'clock, just like the sun and the moon change. Everything is born without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other. Small Germany flows, great Germany is Dunhua. The world is big, too.
Only the most holy in the world can be smart and knowledgeable enough to have a sense of existence; Rich and gentle enough to be inclusive; Strong and resolute enough to persist; Qi Zhuang's integrity is enough to respect, and the recent examination of arts and sciences is different enough.
Puboquan, but when he came out. Pubo is like the sky, and deep springs are like the deep. People see people disrespectfully, people say people don't believe it, and people say it as a person. So it's famous in China and quite helpful. Wherever the boat and car go, manpower is connected, covering the sky and the sun, containing the earth, the sun and the moon are shining, and the frost is exposed in the team. All flesh and blood people don't respect their relatives, so they deserve heaven.
Only when the world is sincere can we understand the great classics of the world, establish the foundation of the world and know the teaching of heaven and earth. How can my husband depend on it? If you are kind, you will have a deep origin and a broad sky. If you don't know wisdom, saints and heaven, who can?
The poem says, "Clothes are important." I hate writing. Therefore, the way of a gentleman is dark and Ri Zhang; However, the villain's way is dying out. Gentleman's way, light and tireless, simple and elegant, gentle and understanding, knowing far, knowing the wind and subtlety, can be combined with entering Germany.
"Poetry" says: "Although you dive, you also realize." Therefore, a gentleman is guilty of introspection and has no evil intentions. Gentlemen are out of reach, and villains are out of reach.
"Poetry" said: "In your room, it is worth a leak." Therefore, a gentleman does not respect others, but does not keep his word.
"Poetry" says: "Play false words, argue when you are in a hurry." Therefore, the gentleman does not reward the people, and the people are not angry and arrogant.
"Poetry" says: "If you don't show virtue, you should be punished." Therefore, the gentleman respects and the world is flat.
"Poetry" says: "To Huai Mingde, don't shout." Confucius said, "Sound and emotion are not enough to educate the people." "Poetry" says: "Virtue is like hair." Hair and hair. "God's burden is silent and tasteless." To the maximum extent.