The fundamental task of geography teaching is to cultivate students' geographical thinking ability and geographical literacy. Geographical thinking refers to the ability to think and solve geographical problems through spatial analysis, comprehensive analysis and systematic analysis. Geographical literacy refers to the ability to have geographical knowledge, skills and emotions, and to understand and pay attention to the natural environment, human environment and social and economic development on the earth.

Therefore, geography teaching should be oriented to cultivate students' geographical thinking and geographical literacy. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

Cultivate students' geographical concepts: guide students to correctly understand and know the basic concepts and knowledge of the earth, natural environment and human environment.

Improve students' ability to acquire and process geographic information: cultivate students' ability to acquire geographic information through reading, observation and practice, and analyze and integrate these information.

Strengthen students' geographical practice ability: through field investigation, experiment and simulation, cultivate students' geographical practice ability and improve students' knowledge and understanding of geographical issues.

Strengthen students' geographical emotional education: guide students to form correct values of caring for the earth, cherishing life and protecting the environment by letting them know about the earth's ecological environment and human cultural heritage.

In a word, the core task of geography teaching is to cultivate students' geographical thinking and geographical literacy. By enhancing students' geographical knowledge and skills, students' geographical practice ability and geographical emotion are improved, and students' knowledge and understanding of the earth itself and the relationship between human beings and nature are cultivated.