1, docking mode

Lean the rootstock against the scion mother plant, select smooth branches with similar thickness on both sides, cut off the branches with thickness of 1/3- 1/2, cut off the face with length of 3-5cm, align the incision cambium on both sides, tie it tightly with plastic film strips, and cut off the branches at the interface of the scion mother plant and the upper part of the rootstock after the interface heals and survives, thus forming a tree.

2. Split method

Removing the growing point and the heart leaf from the rootstock, and vertically cutting a gap with the length of 8- 10 mm between the two cotyledons; Under the cotyledon of the scion, the two sides of the young stem are cut into double-sided wedges with the length of 8- 10 mm with a blade, and the double-sided wedge of the scion is gently inserted into the interface of the quasi-rootstock, so that the two cuts are closely attached and the grafting clip is fixed.

3. Plug-in method

Firstly, the true leaves and growth points of gourd seedlings are removed with bamboo sticks, and at the same time, the bamboo sticks are inserted downward from the growth points between the cotyledons of the rootstock with a depth of 0.5-0.7 cm, and then the watermelon seedlings are cut into wedges of about 0.5 cm from the position below the cotyledons with a blade, and the watermelon seedlings are inserted while the bamboo sticks are pulled out. This is the direct insertion method.

Another inserting method is oblique inserting method, in which a single-sided wedge-shaped bamboo stick with the same thickness as the scion is used, the plane of the bamboo stick is obliquely inserted downward from the cotyledon base of one side of the gourd seedling to the other side, the tip of the bamboo stick is pushed to the epidermis of the young stem or pierces the epidermis, and then it is cut into oblique stubble under the cotyledon of the watermelon seedling 1cm, and the oblique stubble of the young stem of the watermelon seedling is quickly inserted downward when the bamboo stick is pulled out. After the connection, move into the shed to strengthen management.

4. Machine implementation method

Using grafting machine, small semi-automatic grafting machine is very popular in the market because of its low price.

Factors of successful transplantation

1. Compatibility of shoots and rootstocks: Because grafting involves vascular tissue between scions and rootstocks, plants lacking vascular cambium, such as monocotyledons, usually cannot be grafted.

Generally speaking, the closer the two plants are genetically, the more likely it is to form a transplant consortium. Genetically identical clones and intraspecific plants have a high grafting success rate. Sometimes species of the same genus are successfully inoculated. The success rate of grafting is lower than that of plants of different genera in the same family. Grafting between different families is rare.

2. Arrangement and pressure of cambium: The vascular cambium of bud and rhizome should be tightly pressed together and oriented along the normal growth direction. Proper arrangement and pressure promote the rapid connection of tissues, so that nutrition and water are transferred from rootstock to scion.

3. Complete at the appropriate stage of the plant: when the scion and rootstock can produce callus and other trauma-responsive tissues, complete the transplantation. Grafting is usually carried out when the scion is dormant, because premature germination can drain the water from the grafting site before the grafting joint is established correctly. Temperature has a great influence on the physiological stages of plants. If the temperature is too high, it may lead to premature germination of seeds. Similarly, high temperature can slow down or stop the formation of callus.

4. Proper care of transplanted plants: After grafting, it is very important to maintain the grafted plants for a period of time. Various grafting belts and waxes are used to protect scions and raw materials from excessive water loss. In addition, according to the type of graft, hemp rope or rope is used to add structural support to the graft site. Sometimes it is necessary to prune the rhizome because it will produce buds that inhibit the growth of the scion.

Extended data:

superiority

1, precocity: the ability to induce fruitful results without completing puberty. Teenager is a natural state that plants must go through before reproduction. In most fruit trees, it may last for 5 to 9 years, but in some tropical fruits, such as bamboo, it may last for 15 years.

2. Dwarfing: in order to induce dwarfing or cold or other characteristics of scions. Most trees (trees) in modern orchards are grafted on high-density dwarf trees or semi-dwarf trees (shrubs). They provide more fruits and higher quality fruits per unit land, and reduce the accident risk of harvesters working on ladders.

You must be careful when planting dwarf or semi-dwarf trees. If such a tree is under the soil, the scion can also grow roots, and the tree will still grow to a standard size.

3.' Easy to spread': Because the scion is difficult to spread by other means, such as cutting. In this case, the roots are provided by plants that can easily take root. In some cases, scions can spread easily, but grafting can still be used because it is the most cost-effective way to improve some types of plants commercially.

4. Cross breeding: accelerate the maturity of hybrids in the fruit tree breeding plan. It may take more than ten years for hybrid seedlings to blossom and bear fruit at the roots. Grafting can reduce flowering time and shorten breeding plan.

5. Cold resistance: the scion has weak roots or plant roots. White birch and eucalyptus are examples.

6. Fruiting: provide a strong trunk for some ornamental plants, shrubs and trees. In these cases, grafting is made at the desired height on the original plant with strong stems.

7. Pests and diseases: In areas where soil pests or pathogens hinder the successful planting of the required cultivated varieties, the use of pest/disease resistant rootstocks can produce cultivated varieties that are otherwise unsuccessful. A major example is the use of rootstocks to resist nodule aphids.

8. Pollen source: provide pollen. For example, in all kinds of strictly planned apple orchards, apple branches can be transplanted to trees at regular intervals, such as every four trees. This needs to take care of pollen when it blooms, but it won't confuse pickers who may mix varieties at harvest, because mature crab yellow apples are completely different from other apple varieties.

9. Repair: Repair the damage caused by nutrient loss to the trunk of trees. In this case, a bridging joint can be used to connect the tissue flowing from the root to the tissue above the injury that has been disconnected from the flow. Seedlings of the same species grow nearby, and any one of them can be transplanted to the area above the injury by a method called grafting. These scion substitutes must have the right length to cross the gap in the wound.

10. Variety change: changing the varieties in the orchard into more profitable cultivated varieties is called "Dinggang". Transplanting newly cultivated varieties to existing branches may be faster than replanting the whole orchard.

1 1. Consistency: Apple is notorious for its genetic variation, and even the fruit on the same tree has different multiple characteristics, such as size, color and taste. In commercial agriculture, consistency is maintained by grafting scions with required fruit characteristics onto hard raw materials. ?

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-grafting