The National Defence University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, located in Beijing, is the highest military institution in China and the only high-level contract command institution of the whole army. Directly under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, it undertakes the task of training cadres at or above the command of the army, navy and air force, leading cadres at the local provincial level and leading cadres at or above the central state organs, engaging in research on issues related to strategy and national defense modernization, and playing an advisory role in the decision-making of the State Council, the Central Military Commission and the headquarters.
national defence university
At Hongshankou, northwest of the famous Summer Palace, China's highest military institution, the National Defense University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, is located. To its east is the Central Party School, which trains senior cadres in China. This East and West, with its style of writing and military strategy, shoulders the historical responsibility of cultivating talents for the Republic to manage the party, the country and the army. On February 65438+2007 1 day, National Defense University celebrated its 80th birthday. Its history can be traced back to the central military and political school in the central revolutionary base area in the early days of our army's founding, and later reorganized into the Red Army University (referred to as "Red University"). During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, it was renamed China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (hereinafter referred to as "Anti-Japanese University").
After the Red Army returned to northern Shaanxi, the domestic situation changed, and ethnic contradictions rose to become the main contradiction. Mao Zedong believes that it is not easy for Red Army cadres at all levels to adapt to this change, and they need to learn again. Since then, training cadres has become an important part of military work. In order to solve the problem of retraining a large number of cadres, Mao Zedong proposed to establish the Red Army University in northern Shaanxi to train talents for the Party and the army. His suggestion was approved by Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai and others.
On May 20th, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting of the Standing Committee, which adopted Mao Zedong's report on the establishment of the Red Army University. At the meeting, it was decided that President of Ren Hongjun University in Lin Biao, Mao Zedong should be a political commissar, Luo Ruiqing should be the director of education, He Dizhou should be the director of academic affairs office, and Mo Wenhua should be the secretary of the general branch of the school.
Mao Zedong also said to Lin Biao: "Chiang Kai-shek set up the Whampoa Military Academy, and we also set up the Red Army University, but we are better and more influential than Chiang Kai-shek's Whampoa Military Academy." Lin Biao said with a smile: "I am confident to run HTC well."
On June 1936 and 1, China People's Anti-Japanese Red Army University was formally established in front of the old Wayaobao Temple and held a grand opening ceremony. Mao Zedong delivered an important speech at the opening ceremony. Mao Zedong said: "Our Party founded the University of Workers and Peasants Red Army to publicize and welcome the coming of the Anti-Japanese National Revolutionary War. During the First Great Revolution, there was a Huangpu, and its students became the leading force of the revolution at that time. Our Red University should inherit the spirit of Huangpu, complete the unfinished task of Huangpu, and become the leading force for the second great revolution, that is, for the independent liberation of the Chinese nation. " 1July, 936, after the enemy attacked Wayaobao, HTC moved to Baoan County.
Later, the Red Army University moved to Yan 'an with the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China authorities and was renamed as "China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University", with Lin Biao as the president and political commissar and Mao Zedong as the chairman of the Education Committee.
China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University
Mao Zedong attaches great importance to the education in this school. 1March, 937, the educational policy of "firm and correct political direction, hard-working and simple work style, flexible strategy and tactics" was drawn up for Kangda. In April of the same year, the school motto of "unity, tension, seriousness and liveliness" was inscribed for Kangda.
Mao Zedong said: "Why is Kangda famous all over the country and the world because it is the most revolutionary and progressive compared with other military academies, and it can best fight for national liberation and social liberation ..."
Deng Xiaoping once highly praised Kangda: "To be the locomotive of the anti-Japanese army and the leader of military politics."
During the War of Liberation, anti-Japanese military and political universities were divided into military and political universities in liberated areas. After the national liberation, in order to meet the needs of cultivating senior military talents in peacetime, the PLA Military Academy, Political Academy, Logistics Academy and Advanced Military Academy were established in 1950s, and the military and political universities were established after 1969 was abolished at the same time. 1985 12. The Military and Political Logistics College was merged to form the National Defense University.
Meeting the needs of war and army building is the foundation of running a school.
1927165438+10, 34-year-old Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border to Jinggangshan, Ninggang, Jiangxi, which is surrounded by mountains and the terrain is dangerous. He took a fancy to Longjiang Academy next to Zhuangyuan Bridge at a glance.
1938, Mao Zedong gave a speech at China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University.
In order to meet the needs of the armed struggle in Jinggangshan and train troops and local armed cadres, Mao Zedong founded the first regiment officers' teaching team of the first division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army in Longjiang Academy in late 1927+065438 10. The teaching team consists of four district teams. Each district team consists of three classes, with an enrollment of about 150 students and a school system of three months.
The Red Army teaching team studied hard in the ravine with almost primitive teaching equipment. They critically absorbed the experience of foreign troops, reformed the teaching methods of Huangpu Military Academy, and combined with the practice of guerrilla warfare, created a good style of study of integrating theory with practice. In the past six months, 150 cadres have been trained for the army and local governments.
193 1 At the end of the year, the Central Military and Political School of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army was established. 19331June 17, the Central Military Commission issued the Order on the Reorganization of the Red Army School, which pointed out: "Change the organizational form of the Red Army School again, and change the original senior classes and superior departments into the Red Army University."
During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, our military academy education established its own educational system and methods around the goal of cultivating new commanders of the people's army. From the officers' training team to the Red University, the party established the military school education of the people's army while creating the armed forces.
Kang Da inherited the tradition of Hong Da University and drew lessons from the experience of running a school at home and abroad, and creatively put forward the educational principles of "integrating theory with practice, paying equal attention to both theory and practice, paying equal attention to military affairs and politics", "popularizing China" and "criticizing the revolution". During the nine years of fulfilling its mission, it has trained more than100000 outstanding military and political cadres, sowed the seeds of national independence and people's liberation throughout China, and served the people's army.
195 1 1 In June, China People's Liberation Army Military Academy was formally established, and President Liu Bocheng presided over the inauguration ceremony.
After the founding of New China, the Central Military Commission decided to set up a military academy, a political academy and a logistics academy to adapt to the change of mission and task, and to train senior commanders to defend the country and build the army. Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai personally wrote inscriptions, and selected Liu Bocheng, Luo Ronghuan, Li Jukui and other senior generals with rich experience in running schools to take the leadership positions of the three universities respectively.
After the establishment of the military academy, the urgent task is the construction of teaching materials. Liu Bocheng insists on the construction of teaching materials as "heavy industry". With the help of Soviet military advisers, the college has compiled a set of teaching materials on the principles of contract operations, battalions, regiments, divisions, armies and group armies, as well as teaching materials on war history, topography, arms technology and politics.
Training officers is the most important and difficult preparation for war. In order to make teaching closer to reality, Liu Bocheng has organized more than 40 military exercises. Among them, the most influential was the "Group Army's Attack on the Chief of Coastal Defence-Headquarters Exercise" held in Shandong Peninsula on June 1954 65438+ 10/7 ~ 30. Peng and Liu Bocheng personally participated in and directed the exercise, which was 30 kilometers wide and more than 300 kilometers deep. The participating troops include infantry, engineers, artillery, armored forces, signal soldiers, and the navy and air force, with more than 8,000 participants.
In July 1954, 1, the military academy asked the military commission to open a campaign department. With the approval of the CPC Central Committee, it is the first time in the history of our military command college that the campaign department has recruited 52 senior generals or above in three years. The oldest is 50 years old and the youngest is 40 years old. 1955, awarded the rank of general 5, lieutenant general 22 and major general 25. 1July, 957, all passed the graduation examination and obtained the diploma.
1986 65438+ 10/0/5 China People's Liberation Army
The military academy is rigorous in its scholarship and has established a strict entrance examination system. The examination is in the charge of a special examination committee. Fail the school year exam, can't be promoted, can't take the graduation exam. Zhu De and CMC leaders also presided over the first national examination of the Ministry of Basic Education. Students call it "three-level entrance examination". From the first semester to the spring of 1956, 328 unqualified students were returned, accounting for 8.7% of the total enrollment. 1February, 969, the military academy was cancelled for some reason. In the course of 18, more than 10000 cadres have been trained, which has made important contributions to the construction of our army.
Since the establishment of National Defense University, it has inherited the fine traditions and school-running policies of Red Army University and Kangda University. In order to improve the training quality of senior commanders, on the one hand, we pay attention to drawing lessons from foreign experience, on the other hand, we pay attention to summing up our own historical experience, and learn and master the theory and practice of coordinated operations of various services and arms under modern conditions, thus forming a set of teaching contents and methods for training senior commanders. The training of senior commanding personnel has effectively promoted the process of modernization and regularization of the people's army.
Emancipating the mind and renewing ideas are the key to running a school.
From Jinggangshan to Ruijin, around the theme that military school education serves the armed struggle and the creation of the people's army, Mao Zedong and others successively put forward the school-running ideas of teaching team, running school and Red Army University, and adjusted them according to the development of practice, which not only adapted to the needs of war and army building, but also accumulated and enriched the school-running mode and teaching content.
On the basis of inheriting the tradition and combining with the needs of the times, anti-university education is carried out around the theme of "resisting Japan and saving the country".
According to Mao Zedong's educational policy and motto, the articles of association of Anti-Japanese University determine that "the educational center of our school is based on revolutionary tradition", which endows Marxism-Leninism theory politically and strategy and tactics of protracted war militarily, and exercises the style of hard struggle in real life.
While learning from other advanced educational ideas, the school also put forward a series of advanced concepts and principles, such as "integrating theory with practice", "paying equal attention to theory and practice, and paying equal attention to military affairs and politics", and thus produced heuristic and research-based teaching forms and methods.
Mao Zedong, Chen Yi, Tan Zhenlin and Luo Ruiqing visited the military academy.
The military academies, political academies and logistics academies established after the founding of New China emancipated their minds and updated and created a series of new ideas and ideas suitable for the development of high-level command academies.
Advanced concepts have effectively promoted the steady development of education and training in the three universities, trained and brought up a large number of outstanding commanders, and promoted the regularization and modernization of our army.
In order to accomplish the arduous mission entrusted by the party and the state, the newly-built National Defense University inherits and carries forward the glorious tradition of "being big but resisting big", emancipates the mind, renews ideas, guides teaching and scientific research with new ideas, and puts forward the teaching guiding ideology of "one goal, three persistences", that is, it aims at cultivating politically qualified senior talents who meet the requirements of national defense modernization and future wars, and insists on cultivating "generalists"; Adhere to the teaching content of "high, new, wide and deep"; Adhere to self-study and implement research-based and heuristic teaching methods.
On March 15, 2004, Document No.6 of the Central Military Commission approved the report of the Party Committee of National Defense University on thoroughly implementing Theory of Three Represents Theory, actively promoting military reform with China characteristics, and comprehensively promoting the reform and development of National Defense University, further indicating the direction of running a school.
Organizational and professional settings
National Defense University plans to establish administrative leading institutions, teaching and research institutions and student management institutions.
The administrative leading body consists of training department, political department, school affairs department and scientific research department.
Teaching and research institutions are composed of teaching and research sections on strategy, campaign, Marxist theory, information warfare and command training, army building and army political work, military logistics, military science and technology equipment, etc., and there are several teaching and research sections, research institutes and centers under them. There are five disciplines: philosophy, law, economics, military science and education. At present, there are more than 280 professors, researchers, associate professors and associate researchers, and more than 50 doctoral and master tutor/kloc-0.
office building
Student management organization, the establishment of national defense research department, basic department, further education department, graduate school and national defense college. In recent years, more than 2,000 senior and middle-level officers of our army and nearly 300 senior and middle-level officers of foreign armies have received training and rotation training every year. Since 1985, more than 3000 senior and middle-level officers of our army and local senior and middle-level cadres have been trained 13000, and more than 800 senior and middle-level officers of foreign armies have been trained.
In terms of specialties, National Defense University has many specialties such as campaign command, military ideological theory, national defense research, college education management, military political theory, postgraduate education, etc.
Strut to the world.
With the pace of reform and opening up, groups of foreign soldiers have entered the National Defense University, which used to be a "military stronghold, and foreigners are forbidden to pass", and watched all the changes here with unique eyes.
library
Opening the list of foreign tourists can be described as a gathering of celebrities. There are Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Minister of National Defense, Chief of Staff, Prince, Dean of Military Academy, Director of Research Institute, etc. In the National Defense University, foreign guests' visits and speeches provide good learning opportunities for teaching and research personnel and students, making the National Defense University Forum a place for the latest achievements of world military development and information exchange, from which everyone can feel the wave of information technology revolution and its development trend.
Since 1985, the National Defense University has received more than 500 batches of military and political dignitaries, experts and scholars from more than 90 countries 15000 person-times. Establish formal inter-school relations with the American, Australian, Korean and Japanese College of National Defense University.
One day in March, 1993, accompanied by Wang Maorun, political commissar of the National Defense University, the former US Secretary of Defense stepped onto the platform of China National Defense University with warm applause. Mr. Perry said: "If you want to know about China's national defense policy and national security strategy, you should stop at the forum of China National Defense University."
1On May 24th, 999, Australian Defence Minister john moore visited the modern facilities of the National Defence University and said emotionally in the academic lecture hall: "I am fortunate to be the first defence minister to visit China in the 27 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, and to be on the podium of the Supreme Military Academy in China has realized my long-cherished wish!"
Please come in and learn about the world, please go out and learn about the world. National Defense University not only sincerely welcomes politicians, experts and scholars from all over the world to visit, but also constantly "goes out" to show the world the elegance of National Defense University.
Corner of the campus
1At the end of 1998, according to the Sino-US military exchange agreement, a high-level military delegation from China visited the United States. After showing the proud digital troops to the Chinese side, the United States suddenly put forward: Your army is of extremely high quality, how about letting the generals fight the smart tank guns of the American army? Faced with the attentive or challenging eyes of Americans, these generals who graduated from the National Defense University were full of confidence and readily promised. They jumped into the tank cab in turn and manipulated the computer calmly. The "rumbling, rumbling" shells rushed to the target like eyes with the confidence of General China, and hit the target with one shot. "all right! Ok! " The United States gave China soldiers an admiring look.
1March, 1999, Xing Shizhong, the third president, led a delegation to visit the National Defense University. In the Auditorium of National Defense University in Fort mcnair, near the Atlantic Ocean, Xing Shizhong will talk about the rise of the new military revolution in the world and the development of the socialist market economy in China, which will have a great and far-reaching impact on the modernization of our army. He expressed his unique views on the world military development trend and the future of China's army.
As usual, after the speech, students from the American military distribution school under the stage began to ask questions. The questions raised are extensive and sharp, ranging from China's nuclear strategy to the issue of Taiwan Province Province, from the situation in the Balkans to the situation on the Korean Peninsula, and from the teaching system of China National Defense University to the school-running policy. President Xing answered them one by one as a diplomat, and the audience applauded. After returning to China, the President of National Defense University of the United States sent a special letter to President Xing, expressing admiration for his wonderful speech and wisdom.
Lieutenant General chilcote, former president of the National Defense University, said: "The inter-school relationship between China and the United States is an important part of Sino-US relations. The close ties and continuous development of the two universities are very important to the relations between the two militaries. The purpose of the exchange between the two schools is to enhance understanding. Only by enhancing understanding can we build communication and confidence. " When meeting with the visiting president of China National Defense University, he said: "The generals and instructors in your university have broad vision, quick response, rigorous and convincing arguments, and they are respectable interlocutors."
A reporter from the Associated Press wrote: "Both Chinese and Western soldiers admit that PLA National Defense University has become one of the most famous military schools in the world."