Three obedience and four virtues, three cardinal guides and five permanent members

Feudal society forced women to abide by the moral standards of three obedience and four virtues. Three obedience: don't marry from the father, marry from the husband, and the husband dies from the child. Four virtues: female virtue, female speech, female appearance and female merit. Three cardinal guides and five permanents are the moral norms between people advocated by feudal society in China. The three cardinal guides refer to the monarch as a minister, the father as a son, the husband as a wife, and the five permanent members refer to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

Seal ceremony or meditation ceremony

The ceremony of sealing an official is an honorary ceremony for the officials with titles and their families in feudal times. Closure of Zen is an ancient ritual to worship heaven and earth. Generally, the emperor personally held it on Mount Tai, where he built earth to worship heaven and reported the merits of the son of heaven, which was called sealing; At the foot of Mount Tai, Fu Liangshan opened up a field to pay homage to the land, which is called Zen.

taboo

It means that whenever the names of the king and the elders are literally the same, in order to avoid saying them directly, homonyms or lack of pens are used to avoid them. The names of the emperor and Confucius are taboo, which is called public taboo. Avoid family, father, ancestors and tell family secrets.

North, South and East

Ancient monarchs sat in the south and courtiers worshipped the north, so the king called it south and courtiers called it north. For example, "sitting in a room, the east is respectful, the south is second, the north is humble, and the west is the lowest."

Sit, kneel, squat and dust.

Sit with your knees on the ground and your hips on your heels; As a kneeling person, it is urgent to express apology and respect; Kneeling, ready to get up, but the knees do not leave the ground, for squatting, also known as long kneeling, is frightened and hunched; Hips on the ground, legs straight, shaped like a dustpan, called a dustpan, indicating an arrogant attitude.

wedding

When a woman marries, she is called "back", when she goes home, she is called mothering, and when she is abandoned by her husband's family, she is called repatriation. Ancient marriage went through six procedures, called "Six Rites". When a wedding is held, the couple will pay their respects in a green cloth tent called Lu Qing.

Funeral and sacrificial ceremonies

The death of the emperor is called "collapse", the death of princes is called "Qi", the death of doctors is called "pawn", the death of scholars is called "Lu" and the death of others is called "death". There are coffins in ancient funerals (outside coffins). The coffin containing the corpse is called "coffin", the burial of the deceased in the coffin is called "mourning", the coffin is called "mourning" and the coffin burial is called "burial". In the funeral, according to the relationship between relatives and friends, there are five kinds of mourning clothes, such as "broken decline" and "mourning together", which were also collectively called "mourning" in ancient times. The emperor worshipped seven generations of ancestors and sacrificed with the three supervisors; Five princes' temples and a prison; Doctors have three temples, so use less prison. To be a farewell dinner, you should sacrifice to the road god and call it "Zu"; Spilling wine on the ground is called "Zhu".

A courtesy visit/ruin/visit

The ancients divided worship into nine types. The most important thing is "kowtowing": kneeling on the ground and holding your head on the ground for a long time is a gift for ministers to serve you. Nod your head and knock on the ground. At the same time, you should look abnormal and lose your voice. Use it only when you are in a hurry to ask for help. "Su Bai" is the lightest, just handing, similar to the current bow. "Farewell" is to worship twice, which means that the ceremony is grand and sometimes used as a tribute.

Bleeding and disturbing the clock

The ancients made an alliance, and both sides had blood in their mouths or put it on their mouths to show their vows, which was called saving blood. Important vessels, such as bells and drums, are made, killing people or killing people as sacrifices, and painting their own blood on them to show sincere respect, which is called "trouble".

2. China ancient rite of passage

Coronation Ceremony and Gifts The ancient rite of passage was intended to prohibit underage heterosexual marriage.

Crown ceremony is an advanced and representative form of adult ceremony, and it can also be said to be a moral test of adult marriage qualification. The coronation ceremony is a coronation ceremony for a man to enter the adult ranks.

The Book of Rites says: "A husband's ceremony begins with a crown", and "When a man is twenty, the crown means what he says". For the crown ceremony, the explanation in the Book of Rites is: "The reason why mortals are human is a ceremony.

The beginning of propriety and righteousness lies in being upright, being harmonious in color and speaking ... so the crown follows the clothes, the clothes are straight with you, and being harmonious in color and speaking ... this is the way to grow up. "In this way, people who don't know manners are not people. If you can't crown your gifts, it will be difficult to be an adult all your life.

The crown ceremony evolved from the prevailing initiation ceremony in clan society and continued until the Ming Dynasty. The specific ceremony is that the recipient rolls up his hair and puts on his hat in the ancestral hall.

Because there are many clothes to wear, such as crowns, hats, hoes, clothes, belts, shoes and boots, it is divided into three important procedures, and hats with different materials and different meanings are put on one by one three times. After the "three plus", the father or other elders and guests have to create another "word" in addition to their real names. Only men who are "crowned with words" are qualified to choose a spouse and get married in the future.

Compared with the coronation ceremony of men, the adult ceremony of women is called ceremony, also called bride price, which is held at the age of 15, that is, the girl's parents tie up her hair and add a hairpin; Changing your hairstyle means that your girlhood is over and you can get married.

3. Questions and answers about China ancient culture.

China ancient culture common sense examination questions

1. Du Fu is called, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Gong, and Lu You is called.

2. "Modesty and respect for others" is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. The ancients called others' fathers as a tribute to their own fathers, and so on. When addressing mother, modest words include my mother and so on.

3. In ancient times, men had 20 lines of ""and women had 15 lines of ""to indicate adulthood, and then they could take "".

4. "The reunion of flowers and seven years;" The ancient and the rare celebrate each other, and there is also the Spring and Autumn Festival. "This is a birthday couplet written for an old man.

In ancient times, brothers were ranked by "". ""indicates the maximum value, ""indicates the minimum value.

6. In ancient China, addressing people had some special symbols, such as "cong".

Relationship, "first" means.

7. There were three chronologies in ancient China:,,. Use of "Xi Chun Shen Bing to Japan".

In ancient China, the first day of the lunar calendar was called "",the fifteenth day was called ""and the last day was called "".

9. The ancients said that "Mao" is equivalent to the present morning.

Time.

10. The four solar terms before Tomb-Sweeping Day are,, and.

1 1. 1998 is the wuyin year of the lunar calendar, which is traditionally the animal year of the tiger people. According to this calculation, 2000 is the lunar year, which is the birth year of human beings.

12. The ancients divided it from dusk to dawn the next day. Among them, "the third watch" is roughly equivalent to the time when the earth is in existence, which is now.

At that time.

13. China ancient thinkers used "five elements" to refer to,, and five substances.

14. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, China implemented the system of "three provinces and six departments". "Six Departments" refers to: ministries, ministries, ministries and heads of ministries. Among the "six departments", those responsible for the appointment, removal, assessment and promotion of officials are.

15. In ancient times, officials were called officials, and officials were degraded.

16. The governor of Han Dynasty said that the governor of Sui and Tang Dynasties said that the governor of Song Dynasty said that the governor of Ming Dynasty said that.

17. China was divided into Kyushu in ancient times, with Zhangzhou as the head of Kyushu. ""is the abbreviation of Hebei Province today.

18. Write the names of "Five Mountains" in the order of East, West, South, North and China:,,,.

19. In the sentence "There are mountains under the sun during the day, and there are no guests who don't think about home during the Qingming period", "daytime" refers to:

20. Luoyang, Henan is located in Luohe, Hanyang, Hubei is located in Hanshui, and Huayin, Shaanxi is located in the north.

2 1. The "three religions" in the idiom "three religions and nine streams" are,,.

22. Legendary and mythical figures who opened the world, refined stones to fill the sky and filled the sea with stones are:,,.

23. In the ancient etiquette of China, the four seats at a banquet were the most respected, followed by the lowest.

24. In ancient China, there was a saying of "six characters", meaning ",,,".

25. In ancient times, there was a saying that "seven policies and four treasuries are the books of emperors", and the "four treasuries" in the sentence refers to,,,.

26. Most ancient festivals were accompanied by some folk activities, such as Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Double Ninth Festival.

27. The four tastes of literati in the old days were,,,.

28. "Three Friends in Cold Year" refers to,,.

29. The pentatonic scale in ancient China was arranged from low to high, followed by,,,,.

30. "Being filial is filial, and being filial is filial." "Filial piety" means doing good, and "mourning" means doing good.

3 1. The top ten ancient China songs are:,,,

、、、、、、

Reference answer of ancient cultural common sense test

1. Official posthumous title 2. Your father's kindness 3. Crown gift 4. 14 1 5. Uncle Zhong Boji.

Gilbert 6. Relatives in the church have passed away. The year of governors is recorded in 2008, and the year of emperors is recorded in 2008.

The year method, year number and year number are used together to record the year. 8. Looking at the new moon, 9. May 7 10. The rain stung beginning of spring.

Spring breeze 1 1. Geng 12. The night before last, Wuzi 1 1, and the next morning 13. Jin Mu

Water, fire and soil 14. Li Hu Libing Industry and Commerce Li Shubu 15.

16. satrap secretariat magistrate 17. Ji Ji 18. Mount Taishan Huashan Hengshan Songshan

19. Nanjing 20. Huabei Huashan 2 1. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 22. Pangu nuwa jingwei 23.

Sit west facing east, sit north facing south, sit south facing north, sit east facing west. 24. Hieroglyphs refer to things that convey meaning and sound.

Under the guise of being 25 years old. Classic collection, 26. Watching lanterns, going to the grave, climbing chrysanthemums, 27. Chess, calligraphy and painting, 28. loose

Zhumei 29. Gong Shangjiao JUNG WOO 30. Parents and brothers 3 1. Mountains and rivers, Guangling, Pingsha, Yanmei, Plum Blossom, Three Sides, Ambush on Ten Faces, Sunset, Flute, Drum, Fishing, firewood, Q&A, Hu Qie, Eighteen Beats of the Han Palace, Autumn Moon, Spring and Snow.

4. Common sense of ancient culture

The grand plan is tested once every three years, and the subtotal is tested once a year.

The performance appraisal methods in the Western Zhou Dynasty can be divided into two types: grand plan and subtotal. Big plans are the responsibility of big officials, including clean government and clean laws. The main purpose is to investigate the ability and performance of government officials in handling government affairs, strictly implementing government decrees and implementing government decrees.

Three years is a big plan, divided into three forms: monthly plan, annual plan and big plan.

Subtotal method, also known as big ratio method, is in the charge of township teachers, and examines the ability and performance in education, politics, law and discipline, household registration, six animals and all weapons. Report the results to the superior once a year. In the third year of junior year, the township teacher is responsible for assessing the educational achievements of officials and the authenticity and certainty of reports as the basis for rewards and punishments.

5. What kind of cultural etiquette was the rite of passage in ancient China?

The coronation ceremony is a traditional adult ceremony of the Han nationality in China and an important cultural heritage of the Han nationality. Historically, it has played a very important role in encouraging and motivating the growth of individual members.

In fact, its influence on the course of our life far exceeds the so-called "adult ceremony" popular today. China's ancestors attached great importance to the coronation ceremony. It is no accident that the so-called "coronation ceremony begins" was listed as the first opening ceremony in Yili.

Mr. Peng Lin, a famous scholar and professor of Tsinghua University History Department, pointed out that the ancestors held this ceremony for young men and women who entered adulthood to remind the people who performed the ceremony: from then on, they will change from irresponsible "obedient children" in the family to adults who formally entered the society. Only by practicing the virtues of filial piety, filial piety, loyalty and obedience can we become qualified sons (daughters) and qualified younger brothers. Only in this way can we be called qualified members of society.

Therefore, the coronation ceremony is "to ask people's etiquette with the gift of adults." With the development of today's China society, many traditions that can bear the national humanistic character and spiritual tolerance have been lost for various reasons.

Yili is one of them. "Rite" is the core element of China traditional culture, a civilized way of aesthetic education and a unique humanistic tradition of our nation.

Rites and music culture emphasizes order and harmony. The return of this national cultural tradition will undoubtedly bring our huge nation the strength to gain a foothold and bring an elegant and noble atmosphere to today's popular culture. Naturally, we don't need to completely copy the "ceremony" pursued by the ancients. And according to the connotation of "courtesy", it is "propriety" rather than respect.

As the inheritors of civilization, we need to inject new spirit of the times into the traditional coronation ceremony on the basis of respecting the tradition of civilization and absorbing the reasonable core of existing civilization. We are studying, innovating and practicing the new crown ceremony now, just to inherit this precious historical and cultural heritage, and let the traditional national etiquette play its due role in inspiring the national spirit, carrying forward the national civilization and encouraging the growth of young people.

On the basis of inheriting the traditional positive inspirational values such as responsibility, benevolence and filial piety, we actively seek to stimulate the spiritual qualities of patriotism, progress, rationality and enterprising that teenagers should have through appropriate means. As a girl's coming-of-age ceremony, a gift is also a ceremony to show adulthood. Just like a man's coronation ceremony, the procedure of raising gifts is basically the same as that of coronation ceremony.

But there are also many problems that need to be emphasized separately. First, the meaning of salute The ancient meaning of salute is based on the superiority of men over women, so it has some obvious brand of the times. The ancient meaning of bride price is a gift that women perform after engagement (promise to get married) but before marriage.

Obviously, women's social responsibility will be reduced to a narrow range; However, we should not give up the sacred and symbolic function of the ceremony itself on the grounds of the limitations of the times. In fact, it is entirely possible to give new ideas to the times on this basis. We will find that the symbolic meaning of gifts is as important as the coronation ceremony, and it is also a reminder of life responsibility and social role-of course, the connotation of this social responsibility has been adjusted with the progress of the times.

Women need independence and self-improvement, but women's self-improvement does not need to annihilate their femininity in a powerful way. Regarding the contradiction between the two, we have actually gone astray. Women should be "equal" and look at men in all directions. Without elegance, they are a little more rude ... so it is very meaningful to teach girls how to correctly understand the relationship between beauty and self-improvement during their growth.

We must admit that the way to pay tribute to gifts is feminine: a long hair, a comb, carefully combed into a beautiful bun, and solemnly tied with a comb ... This process embodies the femininity of women and implies that women will support our world in a different way from men. 2. The age and ancient custom of saluting "Zhou Li" are about fifteen, and the latest is twenty.

Considering the development of the times and the adjustment of the meaning of gifts, girls should study like boys and finish their studies. Therefore, it is more appropriate to put this time after graduating from high school 18 years old.

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