Theoretical discussion on the development of characteristic education Wang Youcai/Li At present, schools have characteristics and students have specialties, which has become a trend of basic education reform. For a long time, China's single school-running model of "one thousand schools on one side" is not conducive to the development of school advantages and students' potential, and has contributed to the unilateral pursuit of enrollment rate in general middle schools. "Qualified and special" is the overall goal of improving students' quality in an all-round way. This characteristic education model has great vitality. This paper tries to discuss several problems of characteristic education. I. Characteristics and advantages of characteristic education Generally speaking, characteristic education refers to a unique educational model that is gradually formed in the process of implementing education according to its own advantages and characteristics, which is different from other schools. For example, "qualification plus major", in which "qualification" is the basic model and the basic requirement; "Specialty" is a unique model, which is determined by the characteristics of the school. This feature is manifested in: "People have no me, people have my superiority, and people are superior to me." Always stand at the forefront of education development, and form a unique show. In addition, characteristic education is also an important aspect to measure the tradition and social influence of a school. The advantages of characteristic education are as follows: (1) Characteristic education often makes schools more attractive in terms of teachers and students, and forms a virtuous circle in its development, which is conducive to the level and quality of schools and achieves the best social benefits. (2) Characteristic education is conducive to optimizing educational means, reforming teaching concepts and enriching educational forms, thus contributing to the improvement of educational quality. (3) Characteristic education is conducive to cultivating all-round high-quality talents, making the educational "products" more competitive and able to adapt to a wider range of social needs. (4) Characteristic education is more conducive to the survival and development of schools in the future, which can broaden the ways of running schools, expand social contacts and exchanges, gain support from all walks of life, and make education closer to society. Second, the conditions and construction of characteristic education. Not all schools can do it. It needs a certain cultural environment and other necessary conditions. This is because general education and characteristic education are two different levels of education, the former belongs to popularization and the latter belongs to improvement. A school can only implement characteristic education after the conventional education reaches a certain level. Without good internal environmental conditions and a certain level of educational quality, characteristic education will not succeed. Just like a teacher in the process of growing up, it is impossible to form a personal style without certain teaching experience. In addition, without certain human, financial and material resources, perfect routine management conditions and feasible internal management mechanism, there is no characteristic education. Then, what conditions should characteristic education have and what internal environment construction should be implemented? (1) We should have a leading group with strong professional knowledge, fine scientific knowledge, strong management ability, unity and pragmatism. The overall quality level of the leading group can reflect the running level of a school; The quality of team members, school philosophy, professionalism and theoretical accomplishment directly affect the implementation of school-specific education. Without the ideas and beliefs of bold innovation, persistent pursuit and being the first in the world, without the unique ideas in the process of implementing education, without the guidance of advanced educational theories, without modern management knowledge and ability, without scientific prediction, decisive decision-making and skillful leadership art, it is impossible to implement characteristic education in any case. It is inconceivable that a lax and low-quality leading group, a principal with mediocre knowledge, poor management ability, self-discipline and no desire for development can lead a school to make its own characteristics. Therefore, in another sense, the implementation of characteristic education is an important aspect to measure the pioneering spirit of a school leadership and the level of principals. Therefore, a good leading group is the key to the implementation of characteristic education. (2) Have a team of high-quality teachers. In particular, there must be a certain number of teachers who have unique advantages in a certain aspect. Characteristic education should be realized by characteristic teachers. Mr. Cai Yuanpei once said: "Teachers with characteristics are the precious wealth of the school." Of course, characteristic teachers should also have a strong sense of professionalism, a high sense of responsibility, advanced educational concepts and extensive knowledge cultivation, try their best to be versatile, and use their pioneering consciousness and creative thinking to cultivate students' ability and let them inspire the wings of wisdom. (3) There should be an internal environment and atmosphere for implementing characteristic education. Schools should attach importance to the construction of campus culture, and characteristic schools should strive to create an intuitive cultural environment so that schools can reflect their own characteristic goals. Such as school spirit, school motto, signs, wall decoration, permanent sculpture, etc. Make it become the psychological behavior and motivation of teachers and students, and form a good school spirit, study style and teaching style. Characteristic education can not be separated from the support of society and the understanding of parents, but should be fully publicized, so that society and parents can truly understand the significance of running schools with characteristics and students' specialties and get their spiritual and material support. (4) The implementation of characteristic education must also have corresponding "hardware" construction and financial input. Without enough school buildings, teaching instruments and corresponding equipment, it is impossible to carry out characteristic education. Therefore, as a school, we should fully implement the plan, raise funds in many ways, and prepare enough conditions for characteristic education. (5) There should be a perfect system and operation mechanism. Schools should strengthen the management of characteristic education and strengthen the functions at all levels; It is necessary to set up a leading group for characteristic education, under the leadership of the principal, formulate a sound management system, define the work plan and objectives, coordinate the work of various departments and the work of full-time and part-time teachers, and conduct unified inspection, assessment and supervision on teaching research, classroom teaching, professional training and internship operation. It is necessary to formulate a set of incentive competition mechanism and evaluation mechanism suitable for characteristic education, so as to adapt it to the overall work of the school. Three. The selection of training objectives and the implementation of characteristic education plan The primary problem of running characteristic education well is the selection of training objectives. Choosing the training goal of characteristic education is actually the focus of establishing school reform and development. With the focus, there is the core of school work. Therefore, it is very important to establish the training goal of characteristic education. Generally speaking, the following factors should be considered when choosing the training objectives of characteristic education: (1) The development history and traditional factors of the school. We should explore the favorable factors of characteristic education from the development history and fine traditions of the school. Generally speaking, schools with a long history have their own traditional advantages, which is often an opportunity and a starting point for implementing characteristic education, so as to establish their own characteristic goals, which are often easily recognized and can achieve good benefits in a short time. Such as the advantages of traditional sports and traditional art education. (2) Teacher factors. The overall level of school teachers is high, and many characteristic teachers are important conditions for implementing characteristic education. (3) the factors of school conditions. Good conditions for running a school and complete facilities are important guarantees for implementing characteristic education. If the campus area is wide, the activity space is large, and the sports equipment is complete, we can consider implementing sports characteristic education. On the contrary, schools with small campus area and crowded activity space do not have this condition. (4) Environmental factors. Characteristic education is also restricted by environmental factors. Schools in urban and rural areas will be different according to different geographical locations. Generally speaking, urban schools are exposed to culture and information early, with wide employment opportunities and a wide demand for talents, and are easy to receive characteristic education, while rural schools are relatively closed, and it is relatively difficult to develop characteristic education due to the influence of ideas and economic conditions. Training objectives should be tailored to local conditions, and we should not blindly compare with reality. Judging from the current development of characteristic education in China, it should be said that it is developing rapidly, but it is not balanced. Generally speaking, urban schools with relatively good conditions develop rapidly, while rural middle schools with relatively backward economic development develop relatively slowly. It should be pointed out that at present, some schools that have done well in characteristic education have gradually or are getting rid of the trouble of pursuing further studies through simple education. They either start from the practical point of view that "Dont Ask For Help people are pursuing further studies in order to become talents", or start from a higher level of students' all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, and choose special projects. Some choose the breakthrough from the aspects of curriculum structure and teaching methods, and establish the goal of characteristic education, which makes characteristic education colorful and receives good benefits. However, the development of characteristic education corresponds to the development and reform of the overall educational level of our society. At present, the development of all kinds of characteristic education still stays as a means and pays attention to practicality. It has not yet formed its own system and relatively stable model, and it is still in the stage of exploration and experiment, which needs to be continuously summarized and further improved. Fourthly, several problems should be paid attention to in developing characteristic education. Developing characteristic education is an arduous and meticulous systematic project. The formation of characteristics requires the long-term and arduous efforts of the school, which cannot be achieved overnight. In the process of developing characteristic education, schools should also pay attention to the following issues: (1) We should properly handle the relationship between qualifications and majors. To be clear, the purpose of characteristic education is to make students better adapt to the competitive society in the future. But as a goal, we should also pay attention to students' physical and intellectual factors, genetic and natural factors, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, which must not be encouraged. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between qualifications and majors, so as to popularize them first and then improve them. Give full play to its unique advantages on the basis of conditions. (2) straighten out the relationship between quality education and continuing education. Theoretically speaking, quality education should be consistent with the improvement of the enrollment rate. However, at present, because the situation of "squeezing the wooden bridge" has not fundamentally changed, many school leaders and teachers are still eager for quick success and instant benefit, and are keen to develop their intelligence through "challenging the sea tactics", "cage policy" and squeezing toothpaste, just trying to get the enrollment rate up and let a beautiful man cover up all the ugliness. It is difficult to give consideration to the development of students' specialties; Although some schools have extra-long classes, their purpose is to make them a "helping field" for further studies. These students often neglect management and pay no attention to moral and cultural education, resulting in long hair, strange clothes, purple eyes and red nails, forming another "landscape" of the campus, and "characteristic students" become "special students". Such characteristic education is worrying. Therefore, to run characteristic education, we should completely change our school-running ideas and concepts into quality education, otherwise it will be counterproductive. (3) Adhere to the principle of combining in-class education with extracurricular education. To develop characteristic education, we should create conditions to change closed education into open education, closely rely on the traditional advantages and cultural environment of schools, establish a three-dimensional network of society, schools and families, adhere to integrated education, and enhance the synergy of educating people. In-class and out-of-class are like two wheels of a car and two wings of a machine, which complement each other and cannot replace each other. In the great practice of cultivating cross-century talents, we should pay special attention to this point.