Bhikuni: Sanskrit Bhikuni is also called nun, bhikuni, nun, nun, nun and nun. A woman who became a monk at the age of 20 and received an anklet is called a bhikshuni. There are many commandments that nuns need to abide by, collectively called the 500 commandments (all commandments are different). China's first bhikkhuni is a clean world. In the first year of Shengping in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (357 years), he closed his foot and became a monk.
Bhikuni (Van Bhikkhu! Uni^, bhikkhuni^, Tibetan dge-slon%-ma) refers to a woman who is classified as a Buddhist and has an anklet. One of five and seven. Also known as Zuini, ■ Zuini, Beizuni, Bihuni, etc. Free translation except women, beggars, shamans, except women, smoked women and so on. Abbreviation is nun or nun.
According to the "Bhikuni Sutra of Daai Daoism", Bhikuni became a monk from the Buddha's aunt Mahabharata (Daai Daoism). He swore to abide by the Eight Respect Laws and was allowed to become a monk. In China, according to the first volume of Biography of Monks, during the Jianxing period of the Western Jin Dynasty (365,438+03 ~ 365,438+07), Nepali monks shaved their hair and were subjected to the Ten Commandments of Chishan in samana. In February of the first year of Shengping (357), Tan Capricorn was invited to set up a monk's altar, and Jing Jian and others were fully disciplined on the altar, which was the beginning of the monk's altar in China. In Japan, the daughters of Sima Da and others, Shan Xin and others, became monks from North Korea and later became monks in Baekje. This is their origin.
With regard to the precepts of monks, after the demise of Buddhism and before the division of sects, the precepts were extremely strict. After part, the monks relaxed. However, according to legend, because of the heavy obstacles of women, there are many abstinence. According to the quartering method, monks should observe 250 precepts and monks should observe 348 precepts.
In the history of Buddhism in China, although the contribution of monks is not as much as that of monks, there are also many practitioners with strict discipline and excellent knowledge. According to the Biography of Bhikuni, from the Jin Dynasty to Liang Wudi, many outstanding Bhikuni appeared in the Buddhist circles in China. For example, Tao Rong's forbearance is rigorous (Volume 1), Zong Ling's "Learn to be an official, explore Buddhist scriptures, and be well versed in benevolence and righteousness" (Volume 1), Guo Hui's "Always Suffer, Don't Wear Cotton, Be Good at Pena, Be Innocent" (Volume 2), and Yao Hui even set himself on fire to support the three treasures (Volume 3).
Although ancient secular women can read and write, they seldom really speak on the stage. There are many people who can give lectures and write books on the stage in the book Biography of Bhikuni. When Jin was in the Jin Dynasty, Miao Xiang said that "every sentence is critical, and he is often afraid that the listener can't concentrate or cry" (Volume 1). When the Emperor Wu of Qi talked about the car in office, he was only qualified to maintain it, especially to talk about it. Analysis of stagnation and exploration of seclusion. Please go north, big or small' (Volume III). A collection of learning methods by outwitting others,' Self-made dozens of volumes are sparse in meaning, far in speech and subtle in meaning' (Volume 3). From these examples, we can get a glimpse of Bhikuni's position in China's early Buddhist history.
As for the second half of the 20th century, Bhikuni was also the backbone of Buddhism in Taiwan. Not only are there far more people than monks, but there are also many people who can be immune to Buddhism and benefit life. For example, Yan Zheng established Tzu Chi Meritorious Society, and established large hospitals and universities, which spread Buddhism on an unprecedented scale in Taiwan Province Province. Heng Qing, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, USA, Professor of Philosophy Department of National Taiwan University, is in charge of the Faguang Buddhist Culture Institute, which has a considerable influence on Taiwan's Buddhist higher education. There are also many excellent monks in Taiwan Province Province. There are indications that monks in modern Taiwan Province have a very important position.
[Resources] Five-point Law (Volume 29); "Good knowledge of Dharma and Buddha sand" Volume 14; The law of four points, volume 48; "Great Wisdom" Volume XIII; "Za Agama" Volume 24; "Ben Qi Jing" volume "Gotama Millay as a bhikkhuni"; The great love of the monks and nuns; Collection of Hundred Boundaries, Volume 8; The fifth volume of the Great Convenient Buddhist Sutra; Yin Shun's Origin, Development of Early Mahayana Buddhism and Integration of Original Buddhist Scriptures: Women in the Buddhist Age (59th issue of Diguan Magazine) written by female friar Kwai Ma and translated by Lai Xianbang; Hirakawa Akira's study of primitive Buddhism.