On holidays, villagers in Zhoujiacun will take off their clothes, put up curtains and put on several puppet shows. According to legend, 3000 years ago, our ancestors had just passed the era of flood and famine, and human civilization was civilized. What shadow play tells us is that in this confusion and confusion, a pivotal figure has formulated a series of etiquette systems and national laws and regulations, which laid the foundation of Chinese civilization. It is said that he is the ancestor of the villagers and his name is Duke Zhou.
Yu, an archaeologist, has lived in since childhood. He is fascinated by the story of Duke Zhou. However, folk shadow play may not provide detailed and credible documents, even the history books will have deductive elements. How can we really understand the deeds of Duke Ji Dan of Zhou? One night, Yu suddenly had a strange idea: if we can find the tomb of Duke Zhou, we may be able to uncover the mystery of his life.
The mystery of Duke Ji Dan's tomb attracted archaeologists from Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and other scientific research institutions in China. After decades of searching, their footprints have covered hundreds of kilometers in Joo Won?. Plum-blossom-shaped probe holes are densely covered on the leaves, and probe rods are driven into the depths of the ground. However, even with this carpet exploration, the tomb of Duke Ji Dan of Zhou still has no trace.
According to common sense, people may look for the remains of their ancestors in graves that rise like hills. However, there were no tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, and tombs and tombs appeared in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and their popularity was in the Warring States Period.
Therefore, "no sealing, no trees"-no mound sealing, no monument as a symbol-became the basic principle for future generations to talk about tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
This custom of burying trees without sealing makes archaeologists lack clues to find Zhou Gongdan's mausoleum. Without a clue, where can we find the ancient tomb? Archaeologists are at a loss.
Just when the archaeological work was forced to be interrupted, an unexpected situation appeared.
It happened in Zhuangbai Village, not far from the site of the archaeological team. When the villagers were working in the field, they suddenly found a hole in the ground. They put down their farm work and gathered around curiously. Soon, someone brought a flashlight from home. Under the irradiation of flashlight light, the cave exudes a gloomy cold light.
At noon, the secretary of the Party branch of Zhuangbai Village in Fufeng County rushed to the office of the archaeological team and reported the abnormal situation found in the farmland. The archaeological team attached great importance to this situation and immediately sent people to organize excavation.
After preliminary discussion by experts, the cave is a bronze cellar in the Western Zhou Dynasty. After preliminary cleaning, a total of 103 bronzes were unearthed, including 74 bronzes with inscriptions. These bronzes belong to a family wine cellar named Wei.
To the surprise of archaeologists, the word Duke Zhou was found when cleaning up the inscriptions.
And a bronze inscription named "wallboard" even talked about that the great ancestors of the Great Wall had participated in the King of Wu's crusade against merchants, so "King of Wu let Zhou Commune live in Zhou Mi".
Archaeologist Yin Shengping: So what does it mean to live in Zhou Mi? We believe that the country is to give land. Of course, this land is different from the land where crops are grown and cultivated. The land where crops were planted in the Western Zhou Dynasty was called field, and the land where houses were built was called house.
Country is to give this kind of land, give this kind of land to let him build a house to live in, called country week.
As can be seen from the inscription, the owner of the bronze ware cellar was favored, so he was able to carve out a piece of land to build a home in this place of Zhou, that is, the fief.
Yin Shengping: Where was that week? According to this batch of inscriptions, according to the wall plate, this week refers to Joo Won?, which is now the site of Joo Won?.
Archaeologist Xu Tianjin: When we talk about Joo Won?, we mean the area of 15 square kilometers at the junction of Fufeng Qishan County, and some people say it is 24 square kilometers.
Since this land is the fief of Zhou Gongdan, can it be considered that Zhou Gongdan was buried in his fief-today's Joo Won? area? The bronze ware cellar provides a relatively clear range. Archaeologists traveled day and night in Fufeng County and Qishan County of Baoji City, looking for Zhou Gongdan's grave.
I didn't give up his search. Where is Zhou Gongdan buried? This is a problem that has been bothering him. As a folk archaeologist, Yu lacks the first-hand information of on-site archaeology, so he can only bury himself in the pile of old paper and make a literal inference with the help of his family. He found many records about Zhou Gongdan in ancient books. His surname is Ji Mingdan, the fourth son of Zhou Wenwang and the younger brother of King Wu. Because his fief was in Zhou, he was called Duke of Zhou. He helped Wu attack twice and became the founding hero of the Western Zhou Dynasty. And formulate national laws and regulations.
These words are intertwined, and gradually some clues are sorted out in An Jun's mind.
Yu: First of all, you should find the tomb of Duke Zhou. Judging from historical records, such as Historical Records, it is clearly recorded that the Duke of Zhou told Zhou Chengwang when he died, meaning that after my death, you buried me near Luoyang and I would accompany you every day. Zhou Chengwang, a wise king, thought it inappropriate to let the Duke of Zhou accompany him. After his death, the Duke of Zhou was buried in this place. After this place was finished, it was buried with King Wen.
According to historical records, after Zhou Gongdan assisted King Wu in cutting the merchants, he broke down from constant overwork. Future generations will be buried with their father in Bi. This shows that Zhou Gongdan enjoyed the treatment of the King of Zhou and was buried in the family cemetery of Zhou royal family, which is here.
Xu Tianjin: Bi's textual research. It used to be mostly literature. From literature to literature? If put together, there are probably two kinds of statements, one is about Beiyuan in Xianyang, and the other is about Biyuan in the south of Chang 'an County.
Literature inference needs archaeological evidence to prove it. However, since the 1950s, archaeologists have carried out a lot of excavations and investigations in Beiyuan, Xianyang, Shaanxi, and Biyuan, south of Chang 'an County, and found nothing, nor did they find a big tomb with four tombs. According to Zhou Li, there must be four tombs in the tomb of Zhou Wang. This is a necessary condition to confirm the tomb of Zhou royal family. If you can't find it, then Bi is definitely not in these two places.
Where is Bi? It has become a historical mystery that the archaeological community is eager to solve.
Yu: My family lives in my hometown. According to our custom, no matter what you do outside, even now, after his death, his bones must be moved back and buried. This is the root of fallen leaves, which is the remains of ancient ethnic burial, and this phenomenon still exists today.
According to Yu's point of view, since the area is the fief of the Duke of Zhou, he grew up here and will be buried here for the sake of falling leaves.
In addition, there are two twin peaks in Joo Won?, commonly known as Jiankuo Ridge, which is the famous Qishan Mountain. Qishan was named after ancient times. At the foot of Qishan, there is a famous tomb of Zhou Tai. Legend has it that the sage was buried here this week. According to the popular family burial custom in the Western Zhou Dynasty, will it also be the burial place of the kings of Zhou Dynasty? That is, the ancient place name mentioned in the literature-Bi.
Perhaps Zhou Gongdan, who enjoyed the treatment of Zhou Wang, was buried in a mysterious cave nearby.
Interview with Xu Tianjin: The early Bi was because of this place name, and then it was sealed to this place at the beginning of the week, and then it was called. Therefore, the place names of Zhou people often follow this person, and sometimes the name and place names also follow. I wonder if there is another possibility, that is, let's make a guess. Is it possible that it may be in Joo Won? at first?
If the expert's guess is correct, the ancient place name Bi originally refers to the area. Then the problem came. In addition to the bronze hoard, there should be other sites of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Joo Won?.
A new round of archaeological excavations in Joo Won? has been launched on a large scale. Because of the expert's literal inference, archaeologists have become more careful when working on the spot. They have not let go of any clues, even ordinary pottery fragments, and they have made detailed records.
Sure enough, an amazing situation appeared, and archaeologists excavated a large number of stone pillars. This shows that there are quite high-grade architectural sites near the bronze cellar in Zhuangbai Village.
Xu Tianjin: In the past, it was suggested that many large buildings were found in Joo Won?. This cellar, the cellar of bronze wares, was often near this building. So earlier, some scholars suggested that this bronze cellar was related to this building, that is to say, the owners of this bronze cellar and these bronzes may be residents of these large buildings nearby, and they are related. Then later, we also found that there were cemeteries, cellars or large buildings near these sites. There were dozens of cemeteries in the Zhou Dynasty, belonging to the Western Zhou Dynasty. These cemeteries and the whole cemetery are not very large.
Archaeological excavation of Joo Won? cemetery is more important. If the area is Bi, it is also the burial place of the Zhou royal family. Then it should be a large tomb group with four tombs. However, there are only one or two tombs unearthed in Joo Won?, which are just the tomb specifications of Western Zhou princes with strict etiquette. Obviously, this will not be the burial place of the Zhou royal family, nor will its tomb be here.
Xu Tianjin: (It is necessary) To find the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there must be at least four tombs. If you don't find this, it may be hard to say. If that place really says that the whole carpet has been investigated, no, then I think Bi is definitely not there.
The Book of Songs, Elegance, says, "Those who worship others (Wu), those who worship others (Tu) and those who examine foreigners (Yi) are like things". Praise is that Joo Won? has fertile land and dense rivers and lakes. Even the bitter vegetables are as sweet as sugar.
Xu Tianjin: Mr. Li Xueqin wrote an article before. He believes that the feudal fief of the Duke of Zhou is a very important evidence of the historical wallboard, which records the lineage of the Wei family, from the early days to several generations, and it is said that the king ordered the Duke of Zhou to give up his residence for Zhou. Is to let him build a house and live in this place in Zhou. What is the concept of the first week here,
In the past, academic circles thought that Zhou refers to 15 square kilometers at the junction of Qishan County in Fufeng.
Xu Tianjin: According to my own understanding of Zhou, it may refer to a relatively broad area, not a small place name.
Xu Tianjin: Just now I said I was suspicious. I had doubts from 200 1, so from 0 1 to the end, I began to take students to investigate in the periphery this week.
But what are the places around Joo Won?? Xu Tianjin was not clear at the time. He can only follow the routine archaeological investigation.
Xu Tianjin: When we investigated, we wanted to see that section, where there was a ditch and a ridge. After it was cut off, many parts were exposed. These sections can let us see the underground accumulation, and these sections expose many relics.
Xu Tianjin: So we usually walk in the ditch, on the ridge and where there are cliffs.
It was in this seemingly aimless investigation that Xu Tianjin made a new discovery. On this day, when he was taking pictures of the fault, his eyes were suddenly locked by a lump of soil.
Yu did not give up his archaeology in words. He searched the historical records for records about Joo Won? in ancient Chinese. The whole self, a famous article in the Book of Songs, caught his attention with the phrase "He who has scrolls, the wind blows from the south".
Curl means bending, referring to Daling. Juana in the Book of Songs refers to the southern foot of Fenghuang Mountain, which is located in the northwest of Qishan County. Therefore, the ground is backed by Fengminggang, surrounded by mountains in the east, west and north, and only the south side is connected with the flat ground, which is shaped like a dustpan, so it is called Juana. ..
And Xu Tianjin is inspecting near Phoenix Mountain at this time. He found a turtle shell in a fault in a small ditch. Oracle bones are tools used by the Shang and Zhou royal families for divination, and their appearance often becomes the key to solving historical mysteries. Xu Tianjin brushed off the fresh soil on it, and it was obvious that the word Duke of Zhou was engraved on the tortoise shell.
Xu Tianjin: So I was really excited. If we collect Jabba in this survey, it may be an unprecedented example. This is of course accidental. We surveyed about 800,000 square meters. But the size of the fragment I saw may be less than two square centimeters, the size of the thumb nail cover.
Interview with Xu Tianjin: So at that time, we discussed with Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and joined forces to restart the archaeology of Zhougong Temple site.
There is a famous building complex in the hinterland of Fenghuang Mountain, which is the Zhougong Temple built in the early Tang Dynasty. Although this temple was built to worship Zhou Gongdan, it has not attracted enough attention from archaeologists. Because the Tang Dynasty was thousands of years away from the Western Zhou Dynasty, people in the Tang Dynasty probably didn't know about Zhou Gongdan's burial. Now, the Oracle bones discovered by Xu Tianjin have turned people's eyes back here.
At this time, after I heard about it, I also found a job in the temple under the Phoenix Mountain through some connections.
In May 2004, the ridge of Fenghuang Mountain, which had been silent for 3,000 years, became lively. The labor force composed of villagers began a large-scale excavation under the guidance of archaeologists.
Gradually, the outline of a large tomb group is clearly presented to people.
In the Temple of the Duke of Zhou at the foot of the mountain, the portrait of the Duke of Zhou gradually became clear under the tapping point of An Jun's Tuobao. It seems that he is also anxiously waiting for news on the mountain ridge. This may be Zhou Gongdan's burial place.
Yu: These tombs of the Duke of Zhou and the Tomb of the Western Zhou are just above my head. Indeed, now that I think about it. After I went to Zhougong Temple, I thought this place was amazing. I live there. From 1997 to 2003, I lived there for five or six years. Why didn't I know that the tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty was just above my head? I really live there. Looking up, you can see the excavated 6544.
It can be said that a breakthrough has been made in archaeological excavation. For decades, a key problem that has been puzzling academic circles has finally broken ground and confirmed the necessary conditions for the tombs of the Zhou royal family-a big tomb with four tombs.
Archaeologist Wang Zhankui: At least so far, this is the only cemetery with four tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so it is naturally the highest level, and it is the highest level so far. I can't guarantee whether a bigger grave will be found in the future.
However, things are far from as optimistic as people expected. Although the tomb specifications of Zhougong Temple are very high-grade. However, due to the rampant grave robbing activities in the past dynasties, the tombs were looted, and now only some broken pottery fragments and a small amount of bronzes are left in the tombs. Judging from these unearthed cultural relics, it is difficult to confirm that the owner of the tomb of Zhougong Temple is Zhou Gongdan, an outstanding politician in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
Archaeologists need to continue to explore where the tomb of Duke Zhou is.
Zhougong Temple at the southern foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province was built in the first year of Wude in Tang Dynasty. According to legend, it was built in memory of Zhou Gongdan, an outstanding politician in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Gongdan developed the early form of slavery in China to the most perfect level, and established the rule of governing the country by virtue, which had a wide and far-reaching impact on later generations.
Because that ancient country, the Western Zhou Dynasty, left behind only a history reprinted by historical books. It is difficult for archaeologists to know the true story of Zhou Gongdan's rule of virtue.
However, simple villagers have their own way of understanding history. As night falls, accompanied by dense drums and two or three dim light bulbs, a thrilling shadow play is being staged. Today's shadow play is about what kind of life and death a humble minister will encounter in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. What does all this have to do with Zhou Gongdan?
As early as the mid-1970s, a strange thing happened in Zhuangbai Village, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. At noon that day, the villagers were farming in the fields, and the shelf car stopped on the slope in the south of the village. There seem to be some mysterious signs hidden in the hard soil.
Suddenly, the villagers waved shovels and smashed hard objects buried under the ground. They put down their shovels and turned the soil by hand. Unexpectedly, the villagers actually dug up a corner of the bronze statue from the farmland.
Thanks to the education of cultural relics protection, the villagers knew that the bronzes in the soil were of great significance and quickly sent people to the archaeological team to report the situation.
At that time, the Joo Won? archaeological team led by Yin Shengping, an expert from Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, was stationed here all the year round. They rushed to the scene in time to clean up after hearing the news.
Because this is the first large bronze cellar excavated by Joo Won? Archaeological Team, it was also unearthed in Zhuangbai Village. So they named it Zhuangbai No.1 cellar.
Zhuangbai No.1 cellar was buried shallowly, and the utensils were piled up in disorder, so it was handled in a hurry. It seems that burriers fled in a hurry three thousand years ago, because there were many objects and heavy weights, which were inconvenient to carry, so they were hastily buried underground.
Who is the owner of these bronzes? What kind of bad luck are they facing?
A large-scale work began immediately, and the archaeological team cleaned up the bronzes one by one. After careful investigation, a total of 3 bronzes 103 were unearthed in Zhuangbai No.1 cellar, of which the most precious is the wallboard. This was cast by a nobleman named Wale in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Dishes are vessels for holding water, and they are tools used by nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty to wash their hands. Another function of it is offering sacrifices. Therefore, the edge of the wall scroll is mainly decorated with animal facial patterns, and its image is strange and mysterious, with a hideous beauty. What's even more amazing is that the wallboard is densely covered with words.
These words engraved on bronzes are the realistic basis for solving the mystery of the ages. Archaeologists became interested in this and stepped up the work of rubbing inscriptions.
The tapping of Tuobao seems to tell a little-known family history. A thrilling story is presented to people under the pollution of ink spots.
The inscription on the wall tells a story: after the king of Wu attacked the merchants, Bi Liezu was found guilty for some reason. He knelt down and confessed to the king of Wu.
What is the attitude of King Wu, and what will he do with this guilty minister?
However, if you want to know more about the fate of your ancestors, you need to read the inscription completely. However, the academic conditions in the 1970 s were still difficult to do this.
Coincidentally, the fierce ancestor in the wallboard and the guilty minister in the folk shadow play have very similar experiences. They may be the same person. Then, the story that the shadow play didn't tell clearly may be solved by inscriptions on bronze.
Zhuangbai Village is located in, which is the birthplace of Zhou and an ideal place for ancestors to live. In this vast land, bronzes from the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed in all previous dynasties. They are generally distributed along the river valley, and farmers often see some mysterious caves exposed on the loess platform when farming. Even some bronzes were buried near farmland.
And this bronze hoard is the history of a family.
More than 30 years later, archaeologist Yin Shengping searched the library for research articles on Zhuangbai No.1 cellar over the years. The huge family 3000 years ago recorded their history with bronzes. Nowadays, archaeologists have gradually sorted out their family stories through the interpretation of inscriptions. The 103 bronzes unearthed in Zhuangbai No.1 cellar are all artifacts of Wei family. The plate on the wall is the family history of Xiao Wei in the Western Zhou Dynasty. From the inscription on the wallboard, Yin Shengping learned the real reason why the fierce ancestor of the Wei family was convicted. Everything starts with the surname.
The key to solve the mystery lies in the recognition of the word "micro" in the inscription on the wall.
Textual research still revolves around bronzes and their inscriptions. Another obvious evidence to determine the origin of the Wei family appeared on another bronze ware unearthed in the cellar-Shang Zunshang. Shang Zun was cast in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The owner of bronzes, Shang, is obviously the ancestor of the Great Wall. He knows the roots of his family better than the Great Wall. In Shang Zun's inscription, experts found a word "emperor".
It turned out that the fierce ancestor of the wall house was an old minister of the Yin Dynasty, after the Yin Dynasty broke the country. Wearing flail handcuffs, he knelt down step by step and came to King Wu, hoping to avoid death. In that era of regime change, I'm afraid his fate is not optimistic.
If we want to talk about the disposal of the old ministers of Yin Shang in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, we have to mention Zhou Gongdan. There is a spring in the northeast corner of Zhougong Temple, which was named "Runde Spring" by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. He praised the benevolence, virtue and courtesy of the Duke of Zhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao even wrote a poem: The Duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to his heart.
This passage was recorded in Historical Records and became a classic of later generations, which reflected Zhou Gongdan's thought of governing the country by virtue.
Zhou Gongdan said that although the Shang Dynasty perished, the Zhou Dynasty was established. But the world is not peaceful, so you can rest easy. Zhou Gongdan also did not forget to remind himself that we should accept all the wise men in the world with the heart of benevolence, righteousness and virtue.
So even at dinner, as soon as he heard that someone was asking for an audience, he immediately withdrew his meal and went to see the sage who asked for it. Others may not understand, but Zhou Gongdan wants his son to understand that his behavior is because he is afraid that talented people in the world will not submit to the Zhou Dynasty.
Yin Shengping seems to have found the answer to the question. As descendants of Yin Shang, ancestors came to the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to Zhou Gong's appeasement policy, he should be treated with courtesy of Zhou Dynasty. However, another record in ancient books caught his attention.
After the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Wei's fierce ancestors came and knelt down to see the King of Wu. In the face of the defection of the old ministers of Yin Shang Dynasty, King Wu was at a loss. He consulted widely with courtiers. Jiang Shang, the etiquette of King Wu, immediately went to the court to see King Wu. Jiang Shang insisted, "I have heard the story of love me, love my dog before. If, on the contrary, people are not worthy of love, then there is no need to raise fences and livestock in the village. " Jiang Shang means to kill all the old ministers of Shang Dynasty, leaving no future trouble.
Although featuring immediately screen back to Jiang Shang, but said nothing. But he knew that Jiang Shang's fierce words were widely circulated among the ruling and opposition parties.
A bloody massacre is about to begin, and the disaster of extinction is about to arrival the Wei family.
Nowadays, farmers living in Joo Won? still live a life of working at sunrise and resting at sunset. They don't care about stories buried underground, although they may be descendants of those cellar owners.
In the process of cleaning up Zhuangbai No.1 cellar, archaeologists gradually got to know the owner of the cellar, Wei Shi, better. This family has gone through several generations, from surrendering the fierce ancestors of the king of Wu to the owners of the wall plate, to the descendants of the wall plate and so on. Judging from the bronzes stored in the cellar, the Wei family did not suffer from extinction.
This brings another question, besides the cellar storage, whether there are other remains of the Wei family.
Therefore, archaeologists launched a series of exploration and excavation near Zhuangbai Village. Sure enough, 200 meters north of the cellar, a big ash pit was found, and a large number of slabs and tiles from the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed in the pit. This is obviously a sign of a large architectural site.
Experts correspond archaeological examples with inscriptions one by one. If there is a large construction site near Zhuangbai Village, will it be the place called "Zhoubi" mentioned in the wall-full text?
The neatly arranged stone pillars confirm the inscription on the wall. Thanks to his kindness, the Wei family was able to build their own house in the area.
Judging from the present archaeological evidence, the old minister of Yin and Shang Dynasties, the fierce ancestor of the wall, was not executed. He was lucky enough to save his own life, and even his family was protected to thrive in Joo Won?. But how did he escape this disaster? Maybe he doesn't even know the story behind the scenes.
Just as King Wu followed Jiang Shang's advice and urged the killing, Zhou Gongdan went to court to protest.
Zhou Gongdan said, "Let the Yin people live in their original residence and cultivate their original land. Strive for talented and virtuous people among the Yin people and let them work for the new week. Only by governing the country in this way can we truly win the support of the people. "
King Wu was silent, but he seemed to agree with Zhou Gongdan more.
So, what kind of talent has aroused your interest? From the wallboard, we can know that the wall is a hereditary historian of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It shows that the Wei family has always been a historian.
In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, historians were not for ordinary people. The great event of the country lies in offering sacrifices to Rong. Historians are not only compiling history, but also shouldering the role of sacrifice. To some extent, he is also the embodiment of a wizard. Therefore, this skill can not be mastered by ordinary people, but can be inherited. Historians also play an irreplaceable role. This may be the first reason why ancestors were able to get jobs in the new dynasty.
Therefore, King Wu not only did not kill the defected old minister of Yin Shang, but also gave him the fief of Duke Zhou in Joo Won? and let him live in qi zhou.
It is because of his benevolence that he treated the old ministers of Yin and Shang dynasties with the attitude of accepting wise men, which turned the fate of Wei Mengzu around. King Wu himself untied the shackles of his ancestors, and the Wei family was able to flourish in Joo Won?.
China News Service, Qishan, Shaanxi 65438+February 1 1 (Reporter Liewei) Lei Xingshan, a professor at Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture, revealed at the archaeological site of Zhougong Temple on June 1 1 Sunday that a number of Oracle bones were newly excavated this year near the site of Zhougong Temple in northern Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, and one of them was engraved with six words, which was very precious. Up to now, more than 2600 pieces of Western Zhou Oracle bones 10000 have been unearthed in Zhougongmiao site, which is more than twice as many as those unearthed in other areas of China.
Qishan County, located in the west of Shaanxi Province, is the birthplace of the Western Zhou Dynasty. During more than 400 years from King Taiqi of Zhou Dynasty to King Pingdong of Zhou Dynasty, Qiyi (also known as Zhou Zong) was the capital of Zhou Dynasty. After the capital moved to the east, the ancestral hall of the Western Zhou Dynasty was still in Qishan, and it was still a place for royal sacrifices and some major political activities. Zhougong Temple Site is located at the southern foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Qishan County, with an area of 10 square kilometer. It is a site of Shang and Zhou Dynasties with large scale and rich connotation.
According to Lei Xingshan, the site of Zhougong Temple was excavated in 2004. At present, the distribution of settlements in Shang and Zhou dynasties has been initially clear. Up to now, more than 65,438+00,000 pieces of Oracle bones in the Western Zhou Dynasty have been unearthed, and nearly 2,600 characters can be recognized in Oracle bones in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is more than twice the sum of the characters unearthed in other parts of China. Many of them are for Zhou Gongdan's own use.
He revealed that a nearly 500-word Oracle bone pit was the product of Zhou Gongdan's own use at different times and places, such as the Oracle bone used in the crusade against rebellion and the mobilization of troops, such as the Oracle bone used for divination in Luoyi, which enriched and improved the Oracle bone in the Western Zhou Dynasty and made a qualitative leap. "
The reporter of China News Service saw the newly unearthed Oracle Bone Inscriptions this year. This is the shoulder blade of a cow, about 15cm long and about 10cm wide. Its surface is smooth, shaped like a bone shovel, and it is engraved with the words Zhen, Zhen, Quan, Zhen, Bi and Ji.
Lei Xingshan said that these six words mean: two people named Zhong Heying made predictions, and one of them had auspicious results. It was the first time that two people appeared on the same Oracle bone in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He emphasized that this Oracle bone has two special features: in the archaeological history, it has never been found that the bone engraved with Oracle bone has been changed into a shovel; What's more, this Oracle bone is not drilled, and there is no sign of divination. Unlike the words on this bone, which were carved after divination, they were carved directly. Some experts suspect that it belongs to a kind of bone that practiced lettering and was later used as a bone shovel.
According to statistics, up to now, more than 2600 pieces of Western Zhou Oracle bones 10000 have been unearthed from the site of Zhougongmiao. The number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions found in Western Zhou ruins in other parts of China is less than 1 100.