In fact, the research of brain science involves three aspects: how to understand the brain? How to protect the brain? How to develop the brain? The system of early education involves two parts: one is the early education of normal children, and the other is the early education of special children, that is, disabled children. Of course, special children also include disabled children, supernormal children and children with behavioral and emotional problems, and of course they also involve some other non-early education issues.
I will talk about two aspects: one is what achievements are mainly lacking in brain science research at present? That is to say, what level has been reached in the explanation of the mystery of the human brain; The second question, what does brain science inspire early education?
As we all know, as the soul of all things, the most important feature is that people have a smart brain. Without a clever brain, we are not much different from animals. The magical brain also makes people become the spirit of all things, and the research of brain science should be said to be an international topic. Since the 1999 Xiangshan Conference, China has gradually started to study brain science. Research institutes, research institutes and universities with the research conditions in this field have basically carried out research in this field, and East China Normal University mainly focuses on special children.
Up to now, people want to unlock the secrets of the soul. In fact, it is still far from this distance. That is to say, we have just changed from a black box to a gray box.
However, people's scientific research on the mysteries of the human brain has a long history and has become the goal pursued by many scientists. There are three main aspects: understanding the brain, protecting the brain and developing the brain.
We do research without the help of neuroscience. We pay attention not only to material energy and information, but also to the information activities of the human brain. The activity of human brain has become the focus of research for decades, mainly because of the improvement of research methods, especially brain functional imaging, which can be carried out without damaging the brain. The initial research is mostly static, and the research is carried out under the condition that the brain is not working. Because of these conditions, we can begin to understand the human action center and language center.
From 1968 to 2004, the number of research papers on brain function increased rapidly. Since last year, our school has installed 3T brain function research equipment, and I am personally responsible for the brain function research of autistic children.
Brain functional imaging research, hearing a word, passively seeing a word, or doing nothing, thinking of a word, internal discussion can make some differences from brain function.
From these studies, we first affirmed that the human brain is the result of species evolution. The reason why people are so smart is not formed by two generations, but the result of long-term evolution of species. After more than six million years of vertebrate brain evolution, especially the development of frontal lobe, especially the front of frontal lobe.
It is worth noting that the conclusions drawn from species comparison cannot be generalized simply.
The first is the development and evolution of species, and the other is the development of personality. For us, the development of species is powerless, and no one can change how it evolved over millions of years. This is only after the event, and the individual development of the brain is a part that we can control more or less in our life. It is more meaningful to implement our research in this field.
The whole growth and development is a self-construction process based on genetic information. Pedagogy has an eternal proposition, that is, the relationship between heredity and environment. Biology is still based on genetic information, and at the same time, it constantly constructs itself under the influence of the environment. For example, 10 month pregnancy has completed the development of individual species from single cells to advanced mammals in 10 billion years.
Gene is the most basic unit to control the genetic characteristics of life, and the human genome project is one of the greatest projects in the history of life science.
For our education, the last three months of a mother's pregnancy and the first two years after a baby's birth are called the accelerated period of brain development. During this period, more than half of the weight of an adult's brain is acquired. From the seventh month of pregnancy to 1 birthday, the brain increases by 1.7 grams per day, or by more than 1 mg per minute.
Last month, we also held a joint meeting with Shanghai Mental Hospital. With the development of medicine, many low birth weight babies and premature babies can basically be saved, and the mortality rate has dropped to a very, very low level. I said that the death rate is getting lower and lower, and you feel a sense of accomplishment. We have added many special education goals. Of course, when the Ministry of Education recently drafted the development plan of special education 12, I mentioned that people actually started from special education and ended from it. At the earliest, many things didn't come true.
What exactly is the brain made of? It consists of brain cells and neurons. Brain cells are divided into neurons and glial cells. Each neuron can transmit 250-2500 nerve impulses per second, and each nerve impulses can transmit a "code" in nerve fibers in different combinations. I didn't know how to study the brain 20 years ago. I hope that through computer simulation research, I can find that the human brain and the computer operate in completely different ways. This simulation is very limited, but it also provides us with a lot of enlightenment.