Brain science and psychology of infants aged 0-6: on the importance of early education.
With the continuous development of science and society, more and more parents clearly realize that 0-6 years old is the foundation of human life development. Among young parents, the famous saying of educator Pavlov is popular nowadays: If you start education on the third day after the baby is born, you are already two days late. "。 What is the concept of "early" in early education? When should early education start? What kind of early education is better?
1. How to understand early education?
Who knows that planting crops should catch up with the season, and missing the farming season and season will affect the harvest, or even nothing. Who doesn't know that planting crops requires seedling raising, soil cultivation, weeding, pest control, watering, pruning and so on. When to do something, you must do it, otherwise it will affect the harvest and even get nothing. Who doesn't know that the sown seeds can't be allowed to grow and develop, regardless of whether they are asked or not. As we all know, a year's plan lies in spring and a day's plan lies in the morning. However, who knows that a person's plan lies in the children? Cultivating children, just like catching up with the busy farming season and season, must start as early as possible. The younger you are, the more likely you are to improve and develop your intelligence. What is the reason? Studies by brain physiologists have proved that when a baby is born, the development of the brain is not perfect, the sulcus gyrus is not obvious, and the neurons in the cerebral cortex are small. In the process of baby's brain development, the baby's brain capacity grows very fast, and the brain cells divide quickly. Its manifestations are: brain cells become larger, sulcus gyrus is obvious, brain cell axis is strong, dendrites increase, and brain marrow weight increases. At this time, in order to make the baby's brain develop well and the cranial nerves develop well, two aspects of nutrition are needed: one is food nutrition, and the other is spiritual nutrition (that is, education). In this period, in addition to ensuring adequate nutrition, if adults consciously give rich external stimuli (education) to the baby's brain, it will promote the healthy development of the baby's brain. Because, the more stimulation, the more developed the dendrites of infant brain neurons, and the roots of big trees are criss-crossed, intertwined: just like the network of the brain, criss-crossed. The denser these "networks", the smarter the children are. On the contrary, the less stimulation, the more sparse the "network", and the more stupid the child is. In the process of growing up, people develop their brains first and then their limbs. It takes more than ten years for a child to grow into an adult. Before the age of five, the brain weight of the child has reached about 10 10g (the adult brain weight is about 1400g). It is equivalent to 75% of that of adults, and its brain weight is basically close to that of adults. If we know this truth and grasp the critical period of children's brain development, correct early education can promote the healthy development of children's brains and make them "precocious children."
Bloom, a famous American scholar, has been following up nearly 1000 babies for 20 years. It shows that if the intelligence at the age of 65,438+07 is 65,438+000, then only 20% can be developed at the age of 8, 50% at the age of 4, and the greater potential can be developed before the age of 3.
Table: Brain Weight Development
Modern brain science and psychological research show that 0 ~ 3 years old is the fastest period of human brain development and the most important period in a person's life. Some data show that at the age of two or three, children have broken through the barriers of language and learning. Before the age of three, 60% of the cranial nerves were connected, and the intelligence of 4-year-old children was equivalent to 50% of that of 17 years old. Once you miss this sensitivity of brain development, you may have to spend several times to make up for it in the future.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator in China, once pointed out: "Before the age of 6, it is the most important period for personality cultivation. If you are well trained in this period, you only need to be trained in the future and naturally become a good social molecule; If it is not cultivated well, then habits and bad attitudes are not easy to change. As soon as these children enter school, teachers need to make great efforts to correct the bad habits, bad tendencies and bad attitudes they have formed, which really gets half the result with half the effort. "
The facts of many studies at home and abroad tell us that the early education of infants can not be ignored. Because in infancy, in the first three years of a child's life, there are two invisible vitality. The first is the sensitive period, also known as the critical period; The second is absorptive thinking.
What is the sensitive period of children? It is the mastery of certain behaviors, skills and cognitive abilities by human beings, and it has a period of the fastest development and the most vulnerable. During this period, children show a high degree of enthusiasm and interest in some objects or practical activities, and repeatedly operate to meet their inner needs. There is a power in his heart that drives him to keep operating and trying. This kind of power is called sensitivity, and this period is called sensitivity. If we attach importance to this period and provide a good environment and stimulation, we will get twice the result with half the effort. But this period is very short. Once you miss it, you won't come back.
For example:
1983, Wang Xianfeng, a "pig baby", was discovered in taian county, Liaoning Province, China. She was born in a remote mountain village, with backward culture and ignorant family. My biological mother suffers from encephalitis and is mentally retarded. My stepfather doesn't like her and doesn't care about her. Her house is a semi-adobe house with no neighbors and few people coming and going, but there are three big pigsty in front of the door. This special family makes her often forgotten by her parents. As a result, when children are hungry, they often climb into pigsty, eat pig milk with pigs, play with pigs, grab food in the trough when they grow up, learn to chew grass roots and bark, dig holes with their hands to make nests, tickle trees or walls like pigs, and hum like pigs. The influence of this environment, coupled with the deprivation of intellectual environment, made her mentally retarded. When she was found, she was eight and a half years old, unable to speak clearly, unable to distinguish colors, regardless of size, number or gender. But she is not exactly the same as "Wolf Child". She lives in a special environment that is half man and half pig. She also has some human habits: she can simply dress, eat and talk. When scientists study and educate her, her "pig nature" is hard to change. Watching TV, I get excited when I see a pig, and I will bark like a pig. She often steals weeds and grass, and when the researchers are not paying attention, she runs to the pigsty to hold the old sow. Later, the researchers supervised her strictly to control the repetition of her bad habits. Who knows, she often gets up in the middle of the night to learn the movements of pigs alone. According to the statistics of1September 28th, 984, within 80 minutes, she crawled back and forth in the room, humming 1 14 times like a pig, snapping her mouth 96 times, tossing her head 7 times, scratching the wall 5 times and kicking her hind legs 3 times like a pig. These are her early "pig" education and her tenacious performance after being suppressed. The expert tested her IQ. Her IQ is 39, which is equivalent to a three-and-a-half-year-old child. The researchers gave her patient and comprehensive education and training, and appointed full-time teachers for her. She studied in preschool for more than a year, but she can only write one word "2" in arithmetic class, and it takes three years to add and subtract within 10. She was confused for a while and still doesn't know what 2+3 is. On the whole, she is still a mentally retarded child. This is a tragedy when a person loses his early education and buries his potential.
It can be seen that children's mental retardation caused by the loss of early education can be improved, but it cannot be completely reversed, although compensatory education can be vigorously carried out the day after tomorrow. This shows the extreme importance of children's early intellectual development. Therefore, parents and society should fully realize that early "environment" and education play a decisive role in children's psychological development, especially their intellectual development. So as to cherish the critical period of children's intellectual development, create various conditions and seize the opportunity to carry out scientific and good early intellectual development for children. If children are allowed to develop, the "critical period" of early education will be missed. Even if parents' IQ is higher and children's genetic quality is better, the losses suffered by children in intellectual development are irreparable.
Another example is: (interacting with parents) baby 1 1 month, which is the sensitive period of big exercise. He is very interested in walking by himself and won't let adults hug him. 17-22 months, can walk, can't walk. I opened my little hand and shouted, hug! Hug! (The sensitive period of the big movement has passed, and the sensitive period of attachment and security has come. )
What about absorptive thinking? To put it bluntly, it's like photographic film in a camera now. He will unconsciously absorb everything he hears and sees in the environment. Some people compare children in this period to a computer, and input all the useful and useless things they come into contact with at any time to gain all kinds of experience and knowledge, thus forming their own personality and certain behavior patterns. Let me give you an example. For example, babies from one and a half to two years old like to imitate adults, right? One day, he was watching TV or playing with toys, and you and your wife were talking about some family things. Suddenly one day, the child said what you and your lover said. Is that so? Yes! Many mothers wonder, isn't he playing with toys? How can you hear me? No matter what he is doing, as long as he can hear and see things, he will consciously absorb them. A mother often tells me, "Teacher, sometimes I teach him to read and color, and he runs away at a glance, but after a few days, he actually says it." Why? Because he is in the stage of latent absorption, he has absorbed it unconsciously, so just create an environment for him. The ancients said that "those who are near Mexico are black, and those who are near Zhu Zhechi are black", which shows that the environment has a great influence on people and plays a subtle role in people. Infantile children are very novel and interested in many things. The more interested they are, the more they should imitate them. However, children's discrimination ability is poor, no matter good or bad, as long as they are interested, they must learn. Therefore, parents should attach great importance to providing a good educational environment for their children's physical and mental development and conducting beneficial early education for their children.
2. What kind of early education is a better education? Parents are advised to participate in the interaction, so as to understand their educational ideas. At the same time, participating in the discussion can ease the atmosphere and achieve results. )
-Better early education begins at the birth of a new life;
-Better early education is an education that can grasp the sensitive period of children's growth;
-Better early education is to develop children's brain potential;
-Better early education is personalized education suitable for every child;
-Better early education is education that combines children's growth with future social needs;
-Better early education is all-round education;
-Better early education is an education that enables children to have a happy life.
3. How to understand parenting education?
The "son" here refers to the child, and the "pro" refers to family members other than the child, mainly the parents of the child. Parenting education is different from what we usually understand as "family education" centered on parents and "children education" centered on children. Its core content is that parents and children respect each other, educate together and grow together.
Parenting education mainly serves infants and parents, focusing on the development of infants' potential and quality education, drawing lessons from foreign advanced educational concepts and adopting modern scientific educational concepts, spreading the most advanced knowledge and methods of early family education and parenting, developing infants' intellectual potential, giving individual guidance, improving their comprehensive quality, and giving specific professional guidance to parents on the ways and means of early education. Parent-child park pays attention to parents, children and teachers. It is not a simple extension of kindergarten to the previous age, nor is it a supplement to the nursery. There are essential differences with them. It is parents who "teach" and children who "educate".
Experts point out that the earlier children attend parenting education, the better. If they miss the age of 0-3, they may have irreparable regrets. At present, many common problems among teenagers in China, such as school weariness, truancy, psychological defects, and even some shocking adolescent suicides and gang crimes, are all related to the bad parent-child relationship in the family.