1. Similarities: humanistic education concept, student-centered and all-round development education goal, life education concept, understanding of teachers' role, attaching importance to practice and experience, and spiritual civilization construction.

2. Differences in curriculum design: Zhang Xuemen's curriculum design emphasizes comprehensiveness and life, and advocates taking children's life experience and surrounding environment as the source of teaching materials. Tao Xingzhi's curriculum view pays more attention to practicality and sociality, advocates "Mr. Xiao" and encourages students to learn by themselves and teach each other. The course content of Chen Heqin emphasizes scientificity and practicality, and advocates the teaching mode of "five fingers activities" (health activities, social activities, scientific activities, artistic activities and literary activities).

3. The key difference of educational practice: Zhang Xuemen's educational practice mainly focuses on kindergarten education reform. He founded Xiangshan Kindergarten in Beiping, which had an important influence on preschool education in China. Tao Xingzhi's educational practice covers a wide range, including rural education, normal education, vocational education and other fields. His educational experiments such as "Experimental Rural Normal School" and "Yucai School" have far-reaching influence. Chen Heqin's educational practice is mainly in preschool education and primary education. He founded the first experimental kindergarten in Nanjing, which promoted the development of preschool education in China.