1. What effect does family education have on children's psychological development?
First, the importance of family education The family is considered to be an important environment and influential force for children's development. As the saying goes: "The season of the year lies in spring, and the plan of the day lies in the morning." For human individual life, children are in the spring of life, that is, the primary stage of development, which is the fastest and most changing period of children's physical and mental development, and its development is concentrated in the gradual occurrence and emergence of various psychological activities, from commonness to differentiation; From very concrete to abstract generalization; From completely passive to initially active; From chaos to systematic germination; This development trend has specific behavioral characteristics and manifestations in all aspects of psychology. Only when parents master these characteristics and specific manifestations can they understand their children, understand them and educate them in a targeted manner. Marx said: "The duty of a judge is to enforce the law, and the duty of parents is to educate their children." Family is a child's first school, and it is also a lifelong school. Parents are children's first teachers. Family education plays a subtle role in children and lays the foundation for their lifelong development.
Second, the types of family rearing patterns and their impact on children's psychological development
Parental rearing patterns are generally divided into four types: authoritative, doting, democratic and neglected.
First, authority. The parents of this family are very strict with their children and have absolute authority in life. Parents often act blindly according to their own subjective wishes. Children are required to obey absolutely. Parents don't think from the standpoint of their children at all. They are used to giving orders to their children. They often impose their own subjective wishes on their children, and children can only obey them. Therefore, children are often afraid, shrinking and insecure, and it is difficult to communicate with their peers. For example, on the first day of kindergarten, there was a child named Rong Rong. He didn't cry like other children. He is as happy as an adult, and his mother is very active, no matter what dance, painting and English the children like or not! But before long, the child was no longer lively and lovely, and she always seemed at a loss when doing things. When asked questions, she nodded and shook her head instead. It turns out that her mother signed up for so many interest classes without consulting her, and she also set two rules for her: First, it is forbidden to play with boys, so Rong Rong always thinks about this rule when playing, and she is unhappy; Second, every day when I go home, I have to report to my mother what English I learned that day. My mother doesn't want anything, because she is new to English and has little sense of honor, so she can't always satisfy her. Therefore, children form an invisible pressure-they are afraid of making mistakes, so they are prone to autism.
Second, indulgence. The parents of this kind of family have little expectations and requirements for their children. They are very gentle to their children, and can even meet any needs of their children unconditionally and without restrictions. Therefore, children are often impulsive, lack of self-control and aggressive; Resist, disobey, and dictate to adults.
Third, democracy. The parents of this family are strict with their children, but at the same time they can understand them and are full of love. They can communicate with their children equally and accept their reasonable opinions and ideas. They will treat their children with respect and love, so children are confident and happy, and have certain social skills and self-control ability. For example, the 6-year-old moon next door once began to learn calligraphy according to her parents' wishes. Under the supervision of her parents, she practices calligraphy every day. Although she has made some progress in calligraphy, she is always tired when studying. After a while, her parents also noticed this and talked to her. She told her parents what she really thought and said that her interest was learning to play the piano. Instead of reprimanding her, her parents respected her choice and met her requirements. Because of her interest, she plays the piano consciously, integrates her emotions in the process of playing, and shows every piece incisively and vividly. Only by respecting children and convincing others by reasoning can children form a healthy psychology.
Fourth, parents of neglected families have a positive response to their children's lack of love, behavioral requirements and control, and lack of feedback and attention to their children's any behavioral response. Neglected parents are separated from their children, indifferent and indifferent to their children, and tend to show boredom with their children's behavior and fail to give them the most basic love and attention. Children who grow up like this are often impulsive and aggressive, have poor self-control, are indifferent to their own or others' behavior, and have low social level. They are generally introverted, quiet, quiet, timid and often retreat.
The healthy development of children's body and mind depends on good parenting style. As the French philosopher Diderot said, "the duty of mankind is to turn the world into heaven." Such a paradise is not an indulgence for children, but a sky of love and joy. In a democratic and relaxed family, adults have harmonious feelings and relationships, which makes children feel relaxed and happy without any mental pressure. This kind of environment will make children spontaneously intoxicated with all kinds of fun-filled creative activities, and promote the healthy development of children's psychology and the germination of innovative consciousness.
2. How do parents create a harmonious family atmosphere suitable for their children's growth?
(1) Parents give their children sincere love, keep pace with each other, and jointly undertake the obligation of educating their children. If you want your child to be an innocent person, you need to get warmth from the surrounding environment. This warmth comes from the love of parents. Sincere love between parents will form a warm atmosphere in the family, which will certainly provide the most fertile nutrients for children's physical and mental development. If children get the experience of caring and loving, and get the respect of love, they will be happy physically and mentally; On the contrary, it will affect the happiness of children's lives. The true feelings of parents flowed into the children's hearts without reservation, leaving a deep imprint on their hearts. Love will never be forgotten.
The initiative of creating a democratic and harmonious family atmosphere depends largely on parents, so parents should jointly undertake the responsibility of educating their children. Studies have shown that mothers have an important influence on the cultivation of children's early emotions and behaviors. However, fathers play an irreplaceable role in the acquisition of children's gender roles. Therefore, the power of family education rooted in the "deep affection between father and son" may be unmatched by any other family education means.
People think that family breakdown is the root of juvenile delinquency. In fact, the culprit is that parents have different views on education. The situation of only-child families is often more serious than that of non-only children. Especially when children make mistakes, there are often "fathers fight and mothers protect;" Dad criticized, mother beat around the bush phenomenon, and may even lead to a "two-person war" because of children's inconsistent educational opinions. Family disharmony virtually weakens parents' prestige and creates a hotbed for children's bad behavior. If this continues, the consequences will be unimaginable.
(2) combining words with deeds.
In the process of family education, parents should accept the procedure according to their children's age, and combine words, deeds and examples to make children imitate from unconscious to conscious. There are no examples to teach, which are not firm and specific; It is not enough to teach by example. Children are the future of the motherland, with strong plasticity, and parents are their first teachers. Therefore, parents should regulate their behavior, cultivate their children with love and take care of them with heart. If the child is a blank sheet of paper, if parents don't pay attention, it is easy to pass on bad habits to the child and leave a stain on the blank sheet of paper. Parents can only help their children form good habits by constantly strengthening their self-cultivation and matching words with deeds.
(3) Adhere to equality of personality.
Equality is the foundation of creating a good family atmosphere. "Squat down and look directly at the child" is the principle that every parent and child should follow in their communication. In a good family, parents should respect their children's opinions, interests and self-esteem, do not neglect their status, do not despise or suppress their correct opinions, and do not insult or punish their children. Instead, we should treat children as a member of the family, discuss with them all kinds of trivial matters at home, adopt the right ones, guide them when they are wrong, and let them express their opinions. Only by maintaining the personality equality of family members can there be no psychological barriers between them.
(4) The combination of rational love and moderate requirements.
As the educator Suhomlinski thinks, there is a "mathematical dependence" between respect and demand-that is, the ratio of 10 to 1. In other words, we should respect the child's personality on the basis of 10 times.
Love is the nature of parents and the foundation of education. Parents influence their children through selfless love. They educate their children according to their physical and mental development level and characteristics, neither encouraging them to grow up nor letting them go with the flow; It is not blindly doting and indulging children, nor excessively restricting and oppressing children, but a kind of love that is accepted and dominated. Only by combining emotion with reason can children grow up healthily, otherwise it will cause psychological obstacles to children.
There is no education without requirements, and strict requirements are serious and effective education. However, strict requirements do not mean excessively harsh and unreasonable requirements, but are based on educational goals and conform to children's physical and mental development level. If the standard is too high, the child will not reach it, which will make the child move from constant self-doubt to inferiority. Therefore, don't set too high expectations and requirements for children, and pay attention to reducing excessive mental stress for children.
3. The influence of family education on children's mental health
1, family education methods Family education methods have a very important impact on children's physical and mental health. Some parents are strict with their children and believe in stick education, which can easily make their children form cowardice, anxiety and indifference. On the contrary, parents' excessive doting and pampering on their children will also make them appear conceited, willful and self-centered.
2. The influence of family atmosphere
The psychological atmosphere of the family is also an important factor in children's mental health. There are mainly two kinds of psychological atmosphere, one is parent-child relationship, and the other is husband-wife relationship. We can also see that many parents are too harsh and rude to their children and lack good communication with them, which leads to their introverted and depressed personality. In this case, if the child can't solve it in time, it is likely that mental illness will occur.
The bad family atmosphere caused by the tension between husband and wife is also a big obstacle to the development of children's mental health. In families where parents often quarrel or even have domestic violence, children will also have psychological trauma. Summarizing the negative experience from the parents' mode of getting along with each other is easy to be disappointed with the relationship between people and has a very negative impact on the development of children's personality.
3. The influence of family structure
Family structure mainly refers to the composition of family members, and the influence of family integrity structure on children has always been the research direction of psychologists. Children who lack maternal love are psychologically insecure and prone to emotional disorders. Such children tend to be withdrawn, introverted and indifferent. Children who lack fatherly love develop into doting children because of maternal love, losing family stability and weakening educational function.
4. The influence of parents' mental health.
4. The influence of family education on children
First, the family environment affects children's growth. Because environmental factors are universal, regular, natural and accidental, children will be affected by various factors. Spontaneity, in particular, has both parallel and contradictory effects on education. At this time, the child's physical and mental development may sometimes be beneficial and positive, and sometimes it may be bad and negative. Therefore, the role of environmental factors should not be underestimated. Under the influence of family, some children can show their special talents in some aspects earlier. As the saying goes, "those who are near ink are black, and those who are near ink are black" explains the role of environment on people in a certain sense. In ancient times, there was "Meng Mu moved three times", from "his house was near the tomb" to "moving to the city", and finally "living next to the scholar", which finally made Monk a scholar under the influence of the scholar. This shows that people have long attached importance to the influence of the environment on people.
Second, parents set an example for their children's growth.
Family is the cell of society and the first environment for children to live. Children's real "first teachers" are parents! Teaching children to be human is the first condition for their growth. When children look at the world with inquiring eyes, when they know the world, their parents are the most common ones in their eyes, and their words and deeds are expressing their attitude towards life. Parents are always unconditionally recognized by their children at the beginning, so they are not conscious, but the imitation objects are determined. Therefore, parents must set an example in everything, set a good example for their children, and stay in their hearts as decent people. Honest people should be honest people, responsible people, people who are consistent in words and deeds, people who are punctual and cherish time ... those who are greedy, selfish, haggle over every ounce, bully the good and fear the evil, brag, violate the law and discipline, and lack love are the most detrimental to their image. Once printed in children's minds, it is not only indelible, but also a potential cause of emotional obstacles with parents in the future. At the same time, it is often one of the reasons why children have morbid psychology such as self-pity, autism and self-abandonment. In addition, we should dare to admit our mistakes in front of children. The thinking that admitting mistakes means lowering one's prestige, so it is the most stupid and dishonest way to argue irrationally and even drive to contain children, which will engrave disappointment, sadness and contempt in children's hearts. Therefore, we should shape our own image and be the "first teacher" of children.
Third, the importance parents attach to education affects their children's growth.
Nowadays, most parents are busy making money, providing a good living and learning environment for their children, and will ignore the importance of their children's education. Some parents may simply think that having the most advanced learning tools in the school where their children go is an investment in education. In fact, parents' attention to education is not only a simple material investment, but also a psychological concern and care for children. First of all, we should understand children's psychology and follow the law of children's psychological development. Secondly, in life, children should be taught to know themselves correctly, neither belittling themselves nor belittling themselves, so as to treat people correctly. Otherwise, children will know others unilaterally and overestimate themselves, and they will always be unhappy when they encounter things, either because they are jealous of others, or because they are worried and resentful, and they will lose happiness because of some unhealthy emotions. It is a positive psychological state to cultivate children's self-confidence. The basic point of self-confidence is to believe that you have the strength to complete a task, even if the task is challenging. Self-confidence comes from successful experience and the correct way of parents. Appreciating children is the basic attitude that every parent should have towards their children. Finally, children should be educated to face failures and setbacks correctly. In the world, there is no road paved with flowers in front of children, only waiting for them to harvest one fruit after another and experience the joy of success. No one can avoid the inevitable failures and setbacks in life.