Chen Huagui (1914.14-2002.119), academician of China Academy of Sciences, microbiologist. Born in Beijing, his ancestral home is Kunshan, Jiangsu. He used to be a professor at Peking University Agricultural College, director of the Department of Soil Science, director of agricultural chemistry at Wuhan University Agricultural College, professor at Huazhong Agricultural University, director and dean of soil and agricultural chemistry, researcher at Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, and chairman of the first and second sessions of China Soil and Fertilizer Research Association.

1935 graduated from biology department of Peking University. 1939 received a doctorate in philosophy from University of London, UK. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Chen Huagui made a pioneering study on the microbial flora and nutrient biological cycle of double cropping rice fields. It was revealed for the first time that rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus was an independent interconnected race, which played a pioneering role in the production and large-scale popularization and application of rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus.

Chinese name: Chen Huagui.

Nationality: China.

Place of birth: Beijing

Date of birth:1914.1.14.

Date of death: 2002.11.19.

Occupation: educational and scientific research worker

Graduate School: University of London, UK

Main achievements: 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Representative work: Start the development of rhizobia agent.

outline

Chen Huagui (1914.14-2002.119) is a microbiologist. 1935 graduated from biology department of Peking University. 1939 received a doctorate in philosophy from University of London, UK. 1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

The biological cycle of nutrient elements in rice fields was studied. Anaerobic nitrification and nitrification microorganisms were found in rice fields, which denied the traditional view that nitrification microorganisms and nitrification were absolutely aerobic. The theory of stratification of paddy soil and transformation and loss of inorganic nitrogen put forward by Japanese scholars in 1950s has been developed and revised. In the study of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia, it was found that symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Chinese milk vetch and Chinese milk vetch rhizobia was an independent "interconnected race", which not only enriched the basic theory of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia and host plants, but also had important practical significance for the production and application of rhizobia agents. It is proved that highly differentiated rhizobia can not reproduce on the medium, and only undifferentiated rhizobia and Bacillus can maintain their reproductive ability. This achievement won the first prize of Scientific and Technological Progress Award of the Ministry of Agriculture 1986. Actively put forward the development of rhizobia agent, which provided scientific basis and application technology for expanding the planting of Chinese milk vetch green manure in the Yangtze River basin and the double-cropping rice planting area south of the Yangtze River.

The life of the character

1914 65438+1October 1 1, Chen Huagui was born in Beijing, entered primary school at the age of 6, and finished six years of primary school and four years of secondary school in eight years.

1928, admitted to Peking University Preparatory School.

1935, graduated from biology department of Peking University, and stayed on as a teacher for one year. When I was in Peking University, I studied botany and plant morphogenesis with Professor Zhang Jingyue.

1 July, 936, recommended by Zhang Jingyue, went to study in the School of Bacteriology and Tropical Diseases, University of London, UK1year. Later, he studied for a Ph.D. at the University of London, and studied the symbiotic nitrogen fixation of leguminous plants and rhizobia under the guidance of Dr. Thornton, a bacteriological laboratory of the famous Lausanne experimental station in Britain.

1939 10 month, received a doctorate in philosophy, aged 25. During this period, he independently published and led four research reports, two of which were published in the Journal of the Royal Society. He made a comparative study on the growth and development of ineffective (inefficient) rhizobia strains and effective (efficient) rhizobia strains nodulating on the host.

From June 65438 to June 0940, Chen Huagui returned to China to study sugar degradation in Tsinghua University Agricultural Research Institute chaired by Professor Tang Peisong of The National SouthWest Associated University.

194 1 at the beginning of the year, I went to work in the soil department presided over by Professor Zhang Naifeng of the Central Agricultural Laboratory.

1946, because of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Central Agricultural Laboratory also moved back to Nanjing. Chen Huagui was invited by Peking University Agricultural College as a professor, founded the first soil department in China and served as the department head, and recruited the first batch of undergraduate students in soil science in China.

65438-0948, Wuhan University established the Department of Agricultural Chemistry.

After 1949, Chen Huagui continued to be a professor and head of agricultural chemistry department of Wuhan University.

1952 after the adjustment of the department, the professor of Huazhong Agricultural College was appointed, and the Department of Soil and Agricultural Chemistry was established as the head of the department.

From 65438 to 0956, the sixth international congress of soil science (Paris) discussed the microbial characteristics of paddy soil.

During the period of 1957, at the Sino-Soviet rice science conference (Wuhan), the academic report "Biological cycle of plant nutrients in paddy soil" was made, which comprehensively summarized the biological cycle of plant nutrients in rice.

Soil Microbiology published by 1957 is the first monograph in this field in China.

1964, attended the 8th International Conference on Soil Science.

1978 biological nitrogen fixation laboratory was established and served as its director. In the same year, he led a delegation to Australia to inspect biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education.

1980, led a delegation to visit the American biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education. In the same year, he was elected as a member of the Biology Department of China Academy of Sciences.

1982, led a delegation to Britain to inspect biological nitrogen fixation and agricultural university education.

199 1 year, director of the academic Committee of the key open laboratory of agricultural microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture.

After 1996, Chen Huagui was frequently hospitalized due to senile aplastic anemia in his later years, and his young colleagues and students took turns to accompany and take care of him.

He died on June 165438+ 10/9, 2002.

Major achievements

achievements in scientific research

In view of the importance of rice production in China and the particularity of paddy soil fertility, Chen Huagui took the lead in studying the seasonal changes of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in paddy soil during summer and winter drought, which opened up a new field of nutrient cycling in paddy soil in China. Another outstanding contribution of Chen Huagui to the study of paddy soil microorganisms is that there are anaerobic nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil for nitrosation. The biological cycle of nutrient elements in rice fields was first studied in China. Anaerobic nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms were found in rice fields, which denied the traditional view that nitrifying microorganisms and nitrification were absolutely aerobic.

In the early 1930s, Chen Huagui first discovered that the elongation and bending of crop root hairs before being infected by rhizobia were related to the secretion of auxin by rhizobia. At the end of 1930s, the research on soil microbiology suitable for China's national conditions began, which made important contributions to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the relationship between paddy soil microorganisms and fertility. In 1950s, the research group led by him continued to study the symbiotic relationship of rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus from many aspects. In the early 1960s, excellent strains of rhizobia isolated from Astragalus sinicus were directly involved in the construction of bacterial fertilizer plants, the production of rhizobia from Astragalus sinicus and the experiment, demonstration and popularization of large-scale application, which provided an important technical means for expanding the planting area of green manure of Astragalus sinicus in rice fields in southern China and developing double-cropping rice. In the late 1970s, he led his colleagues to open up a new field of symbiotic nitrogen fixation research, cultivate and guide new forces, and carried out molecular genetics research on symbiotic nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In 1980s, it was proved that highly differentiated rhizobia could not reproduce on the culture medium, and only undifferentiated rhizobia and Bacillus could maintain their reproductive ability. Actively put forward the development of rhizobia agent, which provided scientific basis and application technology for expanding the planting of Chinese milk vetch green manure in the Yangtze River basin and the double-cropping rice planting area south of the Yangtze River.

From June 1939 to June 10, the comparative study on the growth and development of rhizobia strains and effective (efficient) rhizobia strains nodulating on the host was highly valued by experts engaged in symbiotic nitrogen fixation research. At the same time, he also used the favorable conditions of Lausanne experimental station to teach himself pedology and soil plant nutrition, which laid a broad foundation for the relevant theories of soil microbiology.

1:ChenHK，ThorntonHG。 Structure of "ineffective" nodules and its effect on nitrogen fixation. proc . Roy . SOC . b 1940( 129):208-229。

2:ChenHK，HughNicol，ThorntonHG。 growthofnodulebacteriaintheexpressedjuicesfromlegumerootsbeaingf-fectivandeffectivenedules。 proc . Roy . SOC . b . 1940( 129):475—49 1。

3:ChenHK。 The number of leguminous plants induced by different rhizobia strains is limited. Journal of Agricultural Sciences1941(31): 479-487.

4:ChenHK，ShuMK。 Soil Science,1944: 291-293.

5. Chen Heck, Siott. The field of organic synthesis science. National Science Quarterly of Wuhan University,1948,9 (1): 79-88.

6. Chen Huagui. Grass seeds and green manure rhizobia and artificial inoculation. New Science, 1952 (3): 33-38.

7. Chen Huagui, Zhuang, He Dianyuan, et al. Effect of sulfur in paddy field on rice yield. Acta Sinica,1952,2 (1): 34-46.

8. Chen Huagui. Report and discussion on rice field soaking test. Acta Sinica,1952,2 (1): 46-54.

9. Chen Huagui. Effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant soil nutrition. Central China Agricultural Sciences,1955 (1):1-4.

10: Chen Huagui. Characteristics of paddy field and development of green manure farming system in paddy field. Acta Sinica,1955,3 (2): 97-112.

1 1: Chen Huagui. Dominant microbial species in paddy soil. Papers of the 6th International Conference on Soil Science (Paris, 1956). Acta soil, 1957, 1 (1): 1956.

Chen Huagui. Soil microbiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1957.

13: Chen Huagui (editor). Microbiology (first edition). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1959: Second Edition, Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1962.

14: Chen Huagui. Biological cycle of plant nutrients in paddy soil. Selected papers on rice science. Beijing: Agricultural Press,1959:167-182.

15: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Studies on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: i. nitrification in paddy soil. Acta Sinica, 196 1, 9 (1): 56-64.

16: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Effect of agricultural technical measures on microbial life activities in paddy soil and its production significance: I. Effect of baking field on soil microbial flora change. Acta Sinica, 196 1, 9 (3-4): 133- 139.

17: Chen Huagui. Fertilization. Essays on Agricultural Soils in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1962,275-296.

18: Chen Huagui (editor in chief). Microbiology experiment instruction. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1962.

19: Chen Huagui (editor). Soil Science (Volume II). Beijing Agricultural Publishing House, 1962.

20. Chen Huagui. Agricultural production and agricultural science. Red flag,1963 (7-8):10-18.

2 1: Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Study on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: Ⅱ. Propagation and nitrification intensity of nitrifying bacteria in eutrophic paddy soil under culture conditions. Abstract of the academic annual meeting of China Soil Society, Nanjing: China Soil Society, 1963.

22. Monday, CHENHK. Biotechnicalization of facultative aerobic organisms and nitrite-forming organics: Paper Ⅲ of the 8th International Conference on Soil Science (Bucharest). Soil biology, 1964: 76 1-768.

23. Chen Huagui. Soil microbial activity and the source, accumulation and mineralization of soil organic phosphorus-main research achievements and problems. Special Report on Microbiology, Beijing: Science Press, 1964: 2 19-234.

24. Chen Huagui. Do a good job in the scientific and technological work of developing rhizobia fertilizer. People's Daily 1964 May 19.

25. Chen Huagui. Microbiological aspects of soil microbial activities. Summary of Special Reports and Research Reports of China Soil Society and chinese society for microbiology 1964 Special Conference on Soil Microbiology,1964:1-19.

26. Chen Huagui, qi zhou. Study on nitrification and nitrifying microorganisms in paddy soil: Ⅲ. Isolation of pure culture of nitrite bacteria. Summary of Special Reports and Research Reports of China Soil Society and chinese society for microbiology 1964 Conference on Soil Microbiology, 1964: Research 45-46.

27. Chen Huagui, Fan Qingsheng (ed. ). Microbiology (Third Edition). Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1979. Fourth Edition, Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1989.

28-year-old: Monday, China. Activity of Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria

The first prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Agriculture (winning)

personnel training

From 1953, when Chen Huagui first recruited graduate students, he had trained more than 20 graduate students in the early 1990s. Many of the students he trained have become famous professors, senior agronomists and senior leading cadres in the fields of soil science, agricultural chemistry and soil microbiology in China. Students include China Academy of Sciences, China Academy of Engineering, Fan, Liu Gengling, Deng, and other well-known domestic professors such as Li Xueyuan, Hu, Li Fudi, qi zhou, Wang Yunhua, Zhou Chu Jun and Yu Ziniu. Zhang Shixian, Wang Jialing, Guo Qingyuan, Fan Yekuan.

social service

Chen Huagui was elected as the member of the Second National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology, the executive director, vice president and consultant of China Agricultural Society, the first and second directors of Soil and Fertilizer Research Association of China Agricultural Society, the executive director, vice chairman and consultant of chinese society for microbiology, the director of China Soil Society, and the chairman and honorary chairman of Hubei Soil Society. He has served as the first member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, member of Science and Technology Committee of Ministry of Agriculture, member of Academic Committee of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and part-time researcher and deputy director of Wuhan Institute of Microbiology of China Academy of Sciences (later renamed Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences); Member of the Academic Committee of Nanjing Soil Research Institute. Elected as the third, fourth and sixth NPC deputies.

65438-0980 participated in the agricultural education investigation delegation of the Ministry of Agriculture to the United States, and served as deputy head.

198 1- 1985 leader of the research group on major issues of nitrogen fixation biology in the sixth five-year plan of the state science and technology commission.

1982- 1990, served as the first and second chairman of China Soil and Fertilizer Research Association.

1982, the Ministry of Agriculture led a delegation to Britain for academic exchange of microbiology.

Personality assessment

Mr. Wang's life is a life of innovation and dedication to science; It is a life of knowing and doing together and teaching people to fish; It is a fruitful and learned life that nourishes peaches and plums. (Zhou Chengzao, Standing Committee Member and Vice President of Huazhong Agricultural University)

Mr. Wang's model, academic spirit and master style have deeply influenced several generations of scholars. Although he has been away for 12 years, this grandmaster of agricultural higher education has lit up the students' bright lives with an ordinary and bright life, and released great love, beauty, truth and goodness in a way passed down from generation to generation. (Comment by Academician Deng)

Chen Huagui is a pioneer of soil microorganism research in China, and his disciples are all over China. Your merits are boundless, and your light will last forever. (Comment by Academician Chen Wenxin)

Commemoration of future generations

From June 5438 to October 2008, the unveiling ceremony of the bronze statue of Mr. Chen Huagui was held in front of the College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University.

201April 17, China Agricultural University held a series of academic activities to solemnly commemorate the birth/0/00th anniversary of Academician Chen Huagui.