Confucius founded Confucianism, which cultivated its own opposition-Mohism. At the same time, the emergence of legalism is also closely related to Confucianism. For example, Wei Wenhou began to use Li Kui's political reform, and Li Kui studied under Confucius' disciple Xia Zi; Wu Qi was a pioneer of Legalism, but he was a disciple of Confucius. Han Fei and Li Si are important figures in Legalism, but they are both students of Xunzi, an authoritative scholar of Confucianism. It can be said that Confucius' accepting disciples' teaching questions is the source of the rise of hundred schools of thought and the origin of a hundred schools of thought contending.

During the Warring States period, there was a real situation of "a hundred schools of thought contend". Many scholars in academic circles have been competing with each other, criticizing each other and influencing each other, which played an important role in social change and cultural development at that time. Xia Ji and Gong Xue's activities in Linzi, Qi, epitomized the grand occasion of a hundred schools of thought contending. Let's start with the pipe.

Guanzi is the representative work of Qi culture. There are eighty-six articles in this book, ten of which have only one title, but actually there are only seventy-six. The old title of this book is Guan Zhong's works in the Spring and Autumn Period, but only a few of them are Guan Zhong's works. There are also several articles describing Guan Zhong's words and deeds, all of which are sorted out from the ancient books of Qi. Other chapters are basically works in the mid-Warring States period, probably written by Bachelor Xia Ji. Generally speaking, Guanzi is a collection of articles on philosophy, politics, economy, yin and yang, five elements, military science, agriculture, education and so on, with the background of Qi State and under the guidance of Guan Zhong's thoughts and achievements.

There are always different opinions about the theme of Guanzi, or which genre it belongs to. Han dynasty was regarded as a Taoist work, and it was changed to a legalist work in Sui and Tang dynasties. Recently, scholars put forward a new theory, either that the works of Qi legalists are different from those of Sanjin legalists, or that they are the works of Guan Zhong School, an independent school. Because Guanzi involves various schools of academic thought, it is difficult for people to judge whether it belongs to a certain school. Liang Qichao's A Brief Examination of Various Scholars said that it was "an unsystematic book", and Guo Moruo also said in his Preface to Guanxue that this book would "collect the words of Taoism, Confucianism, dharma, name, yin and yang, and light and heavy schools in one basket". The inclusiveness of Guanzi reflects the openness of Qi culture, and it can also be said that it is an important achievement of a hundred schools of thought contending in Jixia Academy.

Xia Ji was established after "Tian Daiqi". In order to consolidate its dominant position and create a "reasonable" public opinion for the emergence of the State of Qi, Tian Zhengquan set up a Xuegong outside Jimen (West Gate), the capital of the State of Qi, to attract scholars from all over the world to write books and give lectures there. Stone Snow Palace in Qi Weiwang initially developed, and reached a prosperous stage in Wang Xuan and Wang Minshi. "Records of the Historian Tian Jiazhong" states: "Seventy-six people were sent to lobby, and Zou Yan, Chunyu Kun, Tian Pian, Jieyu, Shen Lie, etc. were all given the first place as doctors, and they will talk about it after death. They were resurrected with a bachelor's degree from Miracle, and there are hundreds of them. "

Gong Xue, Xia Ji is an academic research institution with the characteristics of multidisciplinary research. Gong Xue has a position of "offering wine", which is equivalent to the dean of the research institute. Xunzi once offered wine three times. Here, scholars recruited by Qi from various countries, according to their knowledge and prestige, gave them high social status and generous living conditions, which created favorable conditions for Xia Ji's academic prosperity.

Xia Ji also has the nature of Qi's advisory body. In addition to academic research, Xia Ji's bachelor also "likes to discuss political affairs". They talk about the important affairs of the State of Qi instead of holding official positions, argue with historical events, or ask the King of Qi for advice or give him advice. In addition, most scholars in Xia Ji give lectures in Gong Xue, or teach their disciples face to face, or exchange views with their disciples on different schools to cultivate talents, which makes Xia Ji scholars have the nature of modern universities.

Because scholars in Gong Xue can stick to their posts, come and go freely, speak freely and give full play to their strengths, representatives from various factions have gathered in Gong Xue, Xia Ji. Such as Huang Lao scholars Song Shuo, Yin Wen, Tian Pian, Shen Dao, Yuan Huan and Jie Yu. The people who occupy an important position in Xia Ji are Mencius and Xunzi of Confucianism, Zou Yan and Zou Xuan of Yin and Yang, debates and debates of famous scholars, Chunyu Kun of sage, and no master in learning. In addition, there are Tian Ji legalists, militarists and other schools. In addition to oral communication, they also wrote books, and many of their works were recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi.

The contention of a hundred schools of thought in Xia Ji and Gong Xue is the most brilliant page in the history of China thought, and it is also a cultural phenomenon to be proud of in the whole history of China culture. It contributed to the political prosperity, ideological liberation and the promotion of democratic spirit at that time, promoted the development of academic exchanges in the pre-Qin period, and left us with excellent historical enlightenment.