1469- 1536) was a famous humanist and an outstanding educational theorist at the beginning of the 6th century. Born into a pastor's family in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. When I was a child, I studied in a school run by a fraternity. 1492 joined the religious community and became a priest. From 65438 to 0493, he went to Paris University to study theology, but what he was really interested in was the study of Greek and classical literature. Erasmus has been to many European countries, visited and wrote, and met a group of humanists such as Moore. After 1509, he taught theology and Greek in Cambridge University, England, and became the first teacher to spread new knowledge in Cambridge University, which played a lot of roles in stimulating British humanistic thought. Erasmus' masterpiece is Ode to a Fool (15 1 1). His other educational works include: On the Right Educational Methods, The Education of a Christian Prince, On the Moderate Education of Children, On the Moderate Education of Early Teenagers, etc.
Erasmus' educational thoughts mainly include: 1. Criticize the stale scholastic education and advocate the secular education with free personality and harmonious development.
2. Advocate the cultivation of knowledgeable and kind people, and emphasize the role of acquired education and learning.
3. Pay attention to the edifying value of excellent subjects and the teaching of Chinese content.
I think learning needs both hard work and strong interest.
5. Pay attention to the role of teachers in the teaching process and advocate the friendship and harmony between teachers and students.
Rabelais (Francois Rabelais)
1494- 1553) is a famous representative of French humanist educators. He was educated in a monastery and worked as a teacher. Later, he studied medicine at the famous Montpellier Medical College and worked as a doctor and professor of anatomy. In his famous educational novel Biography of the Giant, rabelais made a vivid satire on feudal education and highly praised rabelais's humanistic education thought: 1. He satirized and attacked feudal education in the Middle Ages.
2. Praise and affirm humanities education.
3. Put forward some basic principles of humanistic education. From the viewpoint described in rabelais's novels, we can see the rich content of his humanistic education thought. He pointed out the following basic principles of humanistic education: attaching importance to physical exercise; Attach importance to extensive intellectual education; Pay attention to the attraction of teaching, estimate students' interest and adopt new teaching methods (intuitive teaching, conversation, visit and travel); Advocate aesthetic education and so on.
Thomas Moore (Thomas Moore
1478- 1535) is one of the founders of utopian socialism and an outstanding scholar. He was born in a family of judges in London, England, and studied at Oxford University. When Henry VIII was king of England, he held an important position in the country and was later sentenced to death for being falsely accused of treason. Author of Utopia, published in 15 16. The book made the most thorough criticism of the national economy and political system in Britain at that time, pointed out that the basic evil of social life was private property, and painted a socialist outline.
Thomas Moore's main educational viewpoints;
First, it advocates universal compulsory education and equality between men and women. Education is very important in Moore's utopia. Moore pointed out that all children in Utopia will receive a good primary education, which has the nature of universal compulsory education. Male and female citizens on the island can go to libraries and museums for self-study after work. He wants to turn science and art into the property of all workers, so that "utopian citizens are proficient in all contemporary knowledge."
The second is to stipulate a wide range of disciplines and advocate intuitive teaching and mother tongue teaching. In school, besides reading and writing, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music, dialectics and nature are also taught. In mathematics, intuitive teaching and mother tongue teaching are advocated. Utopians widely use intuitive textbooks, and all education is taught in their own language.
The third is to attach importance to adult education and advocate eliminating the opposition between body and brain. Utopians love the culture and philosophy of ancient Greece. In the utopia, the personnel engaged in scientific and artistic research are introduced by teachers and selected by the public. If the student's academic performance is not good, call him back from school and do manual work instead. On the contrary, many craftsmen who gain profound knowledge through self-study can be transferred to the "scholar class".
Fourth, pay attention to physical education and labor education and advocate the combination of teaching and productive labor. Schools on Utopia Island attach great importance to sports, adopt Athens sports system, and develop strong physique through gymnastics and military exercises. Schools also attach importance to labor education. At school, children learn the basic knowledge of agriculture, and at the same time, they are taken to the fields in the suburbs to actually observe how others engage in agricultural labor. They also take part in labor and have the progressive idea of combining teaching with labor.
As Engels spoke highly of it, the Renaissance "is the greatest progress and change that mankind has never experienced, and it is an era in which giants are needed and produced-giants in terms of ideological ability, enthusiasm and personality, versatility and erudition." In this great change, many humanist philosophers, politicians and writers are very concerned about the education of the younger generation and have made new theoretical explorations. Some of them personally engaged in educational and teaching practice activities, leaving a rich educational heritage, which laid the foundation for the emergence of Comenius, the most outstanding educator in this period.
See: /p-397 166233.html for the significance of humanities education.