"Ten Golden Rules for Protecting Life" People's lives should be protected and the ten golden rules should be remembered. Once a disaster occurs, it should be applied in time.
1. Earthquake: In case of earthquake, take shelter first, find a gap under the desk, bend down against the corner, seize the opportunity to escape, and stay away from all buildings. Aftershocks crouch in the open space.
2, fire: fire, fear of smoke, nose and mouth covered with a wet towel, body fire rolling, do not take the elevator down, balcony sliding rope, blindly jumping off the building will be injured.
3. Flood: The flood is fierce, the height is high, the earth roof can't stay, the bed and table are tied with rafts, the trees can be tied with lifeline, food flashlights are prepared, and warm clothes are worn to avoid danger.
4. Typhoon: When the typhoon comes, listen to the forecast, strengthen the dam and waterway, repair the gas path, make the temporary building strong and firm, and the ship will anchor deeply when entering the port, reducing the journey.
5. Debris flow: rainstorm, debris flow, dangerous places are downstream, escape from the bottom of the ditch, climb up the mountain quickly, camp in the wild without choosing the ditch, and enter the mountain depending on the climate.
6. Thunder and lightning: In rainy days, thunder and lightning are mixed. Don't stand under the tree to avoid the rain. The poles of the tower should be far away. When it thunders, it is also necessary to prevent problems at home. Close the doors and windows to cut off the power supply and avoid the room where the lightning is on fire.
7. Blizzard: On a blizzard day, people jog, don't stop with their backs to the wind, and their bodies are unconscious with cold. Never bake with fire, wash blood circulation with ice and snow, and warm up slowly.
8. Tornado: Tornado, strong storm, once in the cellar, avoid leaving doors and windows indoors, turn off all power and water sources, and lie outdoors in low-lying areas, which makes the car unreliable.
9. Epidemic situation: Be careful about the epidemic situation, don't be careless and prevent infection. It is found that patients should be isolated, ventilated and disinfected, infected people should seek medical treatment early, and there should be fewer public places.
10, chemical protection: chemicals are dangerous, so don't pick up waste materials to prevent fireworks from burning toxic gases, call the police to explain the accident point, don't look at transportation leakage, and people should stay away from the limelight.
People's lives are more important than mountains. Take precautions, avoid risks, master skills and practice frequently. I wish you all peace! !
Post-earthquake health tips 1. Tips for preventing the spread of major infectious diseases and self-help after the earthquake.
After the earthquake, a large number of houses collapsed, sewers were blocked, garbage was everywhere, sewage was cross-flowing, drinking water was polluted in a large area, mosquitoes and flies were bred, and the ecology was seriously damaged. The rotten and smelly carcasses of livestock and poultry became an ideal place for the growth and reproduction of various germs. A large number of people in the disaster area are concentrated in temporary shelters, which are crowded and densely populated, and it is easy to cause some infectious diseases and spread rapidly.
In addition, the people in the disaster areas are generally panicked, physically and mentally exhausted, and the body's resistance to diseases has dropped significantly, which has also become an inducing factor for the epidemic of infectious diseases. Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a warning of "preventing major epidemics after major disasters".
"The threat of disasters to people's health has a certain persistence and lag, and the post-disaster health and disease prevention work cannot be taken lightly." Jiang Tianjun, an expert in infectious disease prevention and deputy director of the Department of Miscellaneous Diseases of the 302 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, said in an interview that infectious diseases in the disaster area can be completely prevented. It is very important for the people and rescuers in the disaster area to seriously understand and master the necessary knowledge of self-protection of infectious diseases, and even endanger their lives.
Jiang Tianjun pointed out that the possibility of a major epidemic after the disaster is by no means alarmist. We should pay close attention to it, strengthen prevention efforts and take active and effective measures to prevent the spread and spread of infectious diseases in disaster areas. The main infectious diseases that may occur in the disaster areas and their preventive measures are introduced as follows.
Second, intestinal infectious diseases caused by unclean diet and drinking water.
If drinking water and food hygiene in disaster areas are not guaranteed, intestinal infectious diseases will be the most common infectious diseases after the disaster, such as infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, food poisoning, hepatitis A and so on.
Preventive measures:
1. Ensure the sanitation of water source: it is forbidden to urinate and litter anywhere within 50 meters around the water intake point to ensure the safety of drinking water; 2. Manage the feces well: the urine and urine should be disinfected with bleaching powder at designated points, and the consent and guidance of epidemic prevention personnel should be sought for the construction of temporary toilets; 3. Food and drinking water hygiene: do not drink raw water and water of unknown origin, and do not eat rotten food; 4. Killing flies: The current natural environment in the disaster area is suitable for the growth and reproduction of flies, which are the chief culprit in spreading intestinal infectious diseases and must be resolutely killed; 5. Wash your hands frequently: wash your hands thoroughly before and after meals, and it is best to wash your hands with running water for at least half a minute. Pay special attention to the cleanliness of wrinkled parts such as back, fingernails and fingers, which is the easiest place to hide evil people and shelter evil people. If possible, wipe with soap and hand sanitizer.
Self-help tips:
Without the guidance of a doctor, try to drink boiled water and disinfectant according to local conditions, and add garlic and vinegar to the diet to disinfect the intestines. If there are dehydration symptoms such as diarrhea and dry mouth, you can use "500 ml of boiled water, beer bottle cap salt 1 each, sugar10g" to prepare the liquid, and don't drink boiled water alone.
Three. Infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes
At present, the disaster area is in summer, with humid weather and more sewage. This is an ideal place for mosquitoes to breed. Mosquitoes can spread many serious infectious diseases, such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever.
Preventive measures:
1. Mosquito control, mosquito repellent: pay attention to the drainage of sewage near the residence, and spray to kill mosquitoes hiding in hidden parts such as collapsed buildings, ditches and tree holes; It is best to have mosquito nets in the sleeping place and spray mosquito repellent around it; Cover the drinking water and change it frequently; Try to wear sweat-absorbing long-sleeved clothes when rescuing in the wild, and wrap your trouser legs tightly. Wear an anti-mosquito mask if necessary. Those who have the conditions should be injected with JE vaccine before summer comes.
Carry essential balm with you for later use, and spray it on exposed parts of your body when you sleep. In case of cold, high fever and abnormal behavior, contact a doctor in time for help.
Fourth, respiratory infectious diseases.
The climate in the disaster area changes rapidly, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is large. The people and rescuers in the disaster area are physically and mentally exhausted and their resistance is declining. It is easy to get respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, measles, rubella and meningitis. Moreover, once respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent in the gathering places of people in disaster areas and the residences of rescuers, the consequences will be serious.
Preventive measures:
1. Pay attention to cold and warmth, especially when sleeping at night. Wear masks in crowded places; 2. Indoor air circulation and cleanliness; 3. Eliminate excessive tension and get enough sleep; 4. Adequate nutrition intake and reasonable and balanced dietary structure; 5. The elderly, patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, diabetes and uremia who are prone to pneumonia can be injected with Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine 1 time; 6. When forecasting the epidemic situation of measles and rubella, inject live attenuated measles vaccine and rubella vaccine; 7. In case of fever, sore throat, cough and other symptoms, take more rest, drink more boiled water, take antipyretic, antitussive and expectorant drugs, and use antibiotics when necessary.
Self-help tips:
Don't take off or reduce clothes immediately when sweating. You can unbutton a few buttons first, and then gradually undress after the sweat recedes. Work in turn, combine work and rest, avoid long-term fatigue, drink more boiled water, drink boiled water with a little sugar and salt when sweating, and don't drink pure water for a long time.
5. Infectious diseases spread by animals such as mice.
Animals such as mice in the disaster area are also in extreme panic, and the number of mice that have died and escaped from the hole and mixed with the crowd has increased significantly. Rats can spread many diseases, such as plague, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis.
Preventive measures:
Rodent control, rodent control and captive animals; Centralized treatment of animal feces after disinfection; The temporary residence is built in a high-lying, dry and sunny place, and there is a rat-proof ditch around it, keeping a certain slope. This bed is more than two feet above the ground. Try not to sleep on the floor.
Self-help tips:
It is best to wear gloves and masks when touching feces and dirt, and wear long rubber boots when there is sewage or rain in the rescue workplace. Food should be kept in a safe place to avoid being touched by rats.
Six, infectious diseases caused by trauma
Skin cuts will inevitably occur in earthquake relief, and anaerobic bacteria may invade the body from the wound, leading to tetanus, gas gangrene and other serious infectious diseases.
Preventive measures:
Wear gloves when rescuing to avoid skin damage. In case of injury, especially deep wound, clean the wound in time, wash away dirt and blood with clear water, and don't let the injured wound come into contact with soil. Find a doctor for further treatment and observation in time.
Self-help tips:
After the injury, carefully observe and record the injured items, the position and depth of the wound, and the bleeding situation, and report to the doctor in time to decide whether to inject tetanus antitoxin and toxoid.
Seven, other infectious diseases that need to be vigilant.
The sanitary conditions of people in disaster areas and rescue stations are poor, and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (pink eye) may occur. The disease is mainly spread through public towels, handkerchiefs, bath towels and a washbasin, which is highly contagious and spreads quickly.
Preventive measures:
Wash your hands frequently and don't rub your eyes; Strict disinfection to prevent transmission.
Self-help tips:
Once you get sick, you should close your eyes and rest. You can apply cold compress early to reduce exudation.
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