2. Min Zikai (536 BC-487 BC), whose name was Min Min, was modest and respected as Min Zi. First, Julu Qingzhou (now Minci Village, Caocun Town, Yongqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province). Secondly, he was born in Qufu, Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. His ancestor was Lu Mingong, the fourth monarch of Lu, and his father Min Shigong was the eighth ancestor. You avoided the war and moved to Tangyi (now Huang Zhang Town, Yutai County).
Confucius, a great disciple, is regarded as one of the 72 sages of virtuous Yan Hui. In the Twenty-four Filial Pieties compiled by the Yuan Dynasty, Min Zikai ranked third and was a saint of the Chinese nation.
3, ran Geng (about 544 ~? ), Lu people in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the word "cow". Honest and upright, good at dealing with people. Among Confucius' disciples, virtue is called Yan Yuan Minziqian. Died young due to serious illness. In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (739), posthumous title was "Yunhou". In the second year of Xiangfu in Song Dynasty (1009), it was renamed "Dongping Gong". In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), it was renamed "Yungong". In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1530), it was renamed as "Saint Ranzi".
4, Ran Yong (former 522-? ), the word Zhong Gong, was born in Lu State (now Dingtao District, Heze City, Shandong Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Shao Hao's son, Zhou Wenwang's son, has spread to Ran Li for several years. He lived in the "Sun of Heze" and was called "Niu Li", which was sacrificed by Confucianism. The Genealogy of Ran's Family says that when you leave Yan's family, you will grow into a son, and the second son will live in harmony. Yanshi died and married Gong Xi, asking for it. When Gong's family heard that Confucius had built a temple, they "ordered his third son to learn from others". Excellent personality and knowledge. If you are generous, you can be a party leader (Yongye).
5. Zaiyu (522- 458 BC), also known as Zaiyu, was a native of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, a famous disciple of Confucius, the first of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" and "Yan" School (ranked before Zigong), and one of the "Thirteen Sages of Confucius". "Dacheng Tongzhi" records that Zaiyu was twenty-nine years old and eloquent. He began to travel around the world from Confucius, and was often sent by Confucius when he traveled to Qi and Chu. In the twenty-seventh year of Tang Kaiyuan, Zaiyu was posthumously named "Qi Hou". In the second year of Xiang Fu in Song Dynasty (1009), Lin Zi Gong was added. In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), it was renamed as "Qigong", and in the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed as "Saint Tu Zhi".
6, Duanmu Ci (520 BC-456 BC), the compound surname Duanmu Ci, the word Zigong (ancient Jiangxi Tongzi), the same word line. Huaxia nationality, who defended the country at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (now Xun County, Hebi City, Henan Province). Confucius's favorite pupil, one of the top ten philosophers of Confucius, is also one of his disciples who are proficient in business. Confucius once called it "the instrument of Hu Lian". There are many records about his words and deeds in The Analects of Confucius, and he is also highly praised in Historical Records. Zi Gong died in Qi State. In the 27th year of Tang Kaiyuan, it was named "Hou Li"; In the second year of Song Dazhong Xiangfu, he was named "Gong Li"; In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Saint Duanmuzi".
7, Ran Qiu (before 522-? Year), Zi Ziyou, commonly known as "You Ran" and honorific as "Ran Zi", was born in Lu State (now Ran Ji Xian, Heze City, Shandong Province). Descendants of Zhou Wenwang's tenth son, Ran Jizai. A famous scholar and disciple of Confucius at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. One of the seventy-two sages of Confucius was sacrificed by Confucianism. Famous for political affairs. Versatile, especially good at financial management, once served as a minister of Jijia.
8. (505-435 BC) The word Shen was born in Nanwucheng (now Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He is a famous thinker in China and one of the late disciples of Confucius. He studied under his father Ceng Dian and was an important representative of Confucianism. Ceng Zi advocates Confucianism with filial piety and faithfulness as the core, and his political view of introspection, self-cultivation and filial piety still has extremely valuable social significance and practical value. Ceng Zi participated in the compilation of The Analects of Confucius, and wrote books such as Da Xue, Xiao Jing and Ten Articles of Ceng Zi.
9, Shang Bo (before 507-? ), the word Xia Zi, honorific "no word" or "no word". At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wendi of the State of Jin (now wen county, Henan) was one of the "Ten Confucius" and one of the seventy-two sages. Now Juye County in Shandong Province has its direct descendants. He is gloomy and brave, and he is "good at being kind to others". Known as "literature", it was slaughtered by the rich. He put forward the idea that "being an official is the best way to learn, and learning is the best way to be an official", and he also advocated that being an official should win the trust of the people in order to make him an official. Later, Confucius died, and Confucius was in chaos. He went to Xihe and Wei to teach in the summer. Li Kui and Wuqi were both his disciples, and Wei Wenhou regarded him as his teacher. Song people suspected that he taught books such as Poetry and Spring and Autumn Annals.
10, Yan Yan (formerly 506-? ), whose surname is Yan, whose name is Yan, whose name is Zi You, also known as Yan You and Shu Shi, was born in the State of Wu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a famous disciple of Confucius and one of the "Ten Confucius". He used to be the butcher of Wucheng (county magistrate). Because of the exclusion of Yan's Confucianism, the cult's views are not consistent with those of his younger brother.
Extended data
Confucius' educational thought
Confucius put forward for the first time in the history of China that people's natural qualities are similar, and the differences in personality are mainly influenced by acquired education and social environment. Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated. He advocated "no education for all", founded private schools and enrolled more students, which broke the monopoly of slave owners and nobles on school education and expanded the scope of education to civilians, conforming to the trend of social development at that time. He advocated "learning officials" and became an official after his studies. The purpose of his education is to cultivate political gentlemen, and gentlemen must have high moral quality, so Confucius emphasized that school education must put moral education first.
In terms of teaching methods, Confucius requires teachers to have the educational philosophy of "teaching without distinction" and "managing the country to help the world", the methodology of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "heuristic", and pay attention to early childhood education and enlightenment education. He educates students to have an honest learning attitude, be open-minded and eager to learn, review what they have learned from time to time, so as to "review the past and learn new things", broaden and deepen the extension of new knowledge, and "draw inferences from others".
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Top Ten Philosophers of Confucius
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Confucius