1044 After the formation of a unified country, it experienced three feudal dynasties: Bagan, Wu Dong and Gongbang. From 1824 to 1885, Britain launched three wars of aggression against Myanmar and occupied it. 1886, Britain divided Myanmar into "Upper Burma" and "Lower Burma" and became a province of British India. 1937 Myanmar broke away from British India and was directly ruled by the British Governor. 1942 Japanese troops occupied Myanmar. 1945 national uprising, the recovery of Myanmar. After Britain regained control of Myanmar. Britain was forced to declare Myanmar independence act. 1948 65438+1On October 4th, Myanmar declared its independence from the Commonwealth and established the Union of Myanmar. 1974 65438+ 10 was renamed the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and 1988 was renamed the Union of Myanmar on September 23rd.
Myanmar is a famous "Buddhist country", and Buddhism has been introduced to Myanmar for more than 2500 years. /kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, Burmese people began to carve Buddhist scriptures on a tree called Bedolo, and made them into Bayeux scriptures. In Li Shangyin's poem, it is mentioned that "I remember the lotus seat and smell the Bayeux sutra". More than 80% of Myanmar's 46.4 million people believe in Buddhism. Every man in Myanmar must get a haircut and become a monk within a certain period of time. Otherwise, it will be despised by society. Buddhists advocate building pagodas, and building temples means building pagodas. There are many pagodas all over Myanmar. Therefore, Myanmar is also known as "the country of stupas". Different shapes and resplendent stupas make Myanmar a tourist attraction.
Bagan dynasty (1044-1287)
The Bagan Dynasty was founded by King Anawata (reigning 1044-1077) in1044. It was the first unified empire in Myanmar, with Hinayana Buddhism as the state religion. King Anulutuo conquered Khan and Meng successively, and also expanded his territory continuously. During the reign of King Tu of Halansy (111-167), Hinayana Buddhism gradually became the mainstream and reached its peak at the beginning of13rd century. Of the more than 3,000 temples built at that time, 100 have been preserved to this day. 1287, Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, led the Yuan army to invade, ending the Bagan dynasty. Since then, Myanmar has entered the Shan State period.
Dongyu Dynasty (153 1 year-1752)
153 1 year, Ti Ying (1531-kloc-0/550) unified Myanmar for the second time, established Dongyu Dynasty and claimed to be the king, and 1546 established its capital, Bagu. After that, Bayinlang ascended the throne, and his resources were exhausted due to repeated wars with Ayutthaya, a powerful kingdom of Thailand. Finally, Baku City was occupied by Aka in 1599 and moved to Ava. Dongyu Kingdom finally fell at 1752. 1753, Alangpaya, a Burmese, appeared, driving away the Mongols who captured Awa at that time and establishing Daguangcheng.
Pound dynasty (1752-1885)
1782-18 19 was the autocratic period of King Botavaya. Because of his ambition to invade Thailand many times, Britain, which occupied India at that time, could not help worrying about the possible threat from Myanmar.
Colonial period (1885-1948)
The tension between Britain and Myanmar reached its peak in two wars: 1824-1826 and 1852. Britain won both wars, and finally captured stereotyped writing city, which was called Lower Burma. After the British entered Myanmar, the economy of Upper Myanmar also improved significantly. 1886, Britain won the third British-Burmese war again. At this time, Britain accepted Myanmar as a province of India and set the government in Yangon.
During the British colonial rule, Myanmar's transportation and education were greatly improved. The British devoted themselves to developing waterways, which enabled countless ships to sail on the Irrawaddy River. Railways and highways have also been built and improved to make up for the shortage of waterways. At this time, a large number of Indian immigrants poured in, resulting in cheap labor and threatening the local economy. As a result, the Burmese people began to hate Indians, so that anti-Indian riots broke out on 1930.
1936, in the first and only election under British rule, Dr. Ba Maw was elected as the Prime Minister of the British-controlled government. 1937, Britain created a unique Burmese constitution, which allowed Burmese people to control their internal affairs.
During World War II, the Japanese army occupied Myanmar in May 1942 and established the executive government of Myanmar headed by Ba Maw. With the support of Japan, General Aung San, who opposed the British colonial government and longed for independence, organized the Myanmar Independent Volunteers. 1942 led the army to participate in the battle with the Japanese army, and then announced Myanmar's independence from Britain with the support of the Japanese army. 1943, Ba Maw and Aung San were invited to visit Japan and returned to China to reorganize the Myanmar government, and Aung San became the Minister of National Defense. From 65438 to 0944, Aung San began to support the United States and Britain and organized the "Anti-Fascist People's Freedom Alliance" to fight against the Japanese army. 1945 After Japan surrendered, Myanmar was declared independent and effective. After the war, Myanmar was still under British control, and Aung San was assassinated in July 1947. Aung San's successor, Tarkin Nu, continued to lead the independence movement. 19481After the British Parliament officially recognized Myanmar's independence on October 4, 1948, the Union of Myanmar was formally established.
1044
Form a unified country.
1886
Britain classified Myanmar as a province of British India.
1937
Britain also separated Myanmar from British India and ruled it directly by the British Governor.
1942
The Japanese army occupied Myanmar.
1945
After Japan surrendered, Britain reoccupied Myanmar.
1948 65438+1October 4th
Establish the Union of Myanmar.
1974
Renamed the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar,
1September 23, 988
Renamed the Union of Myanmar.
65438+September 0988
The State Law and Order Restoration Council was established as the highest authority in the country.
127 May 990
Myanmar holds its first multi-party general election. But the military government will not hand over power to political parties.
1997165438+10/0/5
Myanmar established the State Peace and Development Council and abolished the State Law and Order Restoration Council.
2005 165438+ October 7th
The Burmese government suddenly announced that it would move the capital from Yangon to Naypyidaw.
September 20(th), 2007
The large-scale mass demonstrations demanding democratic reform in Myanmar have attracted worldwide attention. The literacy rate of Myanmar's population reached a record 93.8%.
May 2(nd), 2008
Myanmar was hit by a strong tropical storm Nargis. As of 3 pm on the 8th, about1330,000 people were dead or missing, and140,000 people were injured. According to informed sources, most of the missing persons are afraid of surviving, and the number of victims may eventually exceed 50,000.