1952 China started its first large-scale literacy campaign.

1956, Premier Zhou Enlai called on the people of the whole country to March into modern science and culture, and the second literacy campaign reached its climax.

Two years later, Marshal Chen Yi said at the relevant meeting: Literacy is a work that opens the eyes of 60,000 people, and it must be done well. The third literacy campaign sounded the horn. From 1949 to 1960, about1500,000 people attended literacy and amateur schools at all levels.

Extended data

Eliminating illiteracy is an important task of new China.

"Haig winter sky, ah out of the stars. Write on the blackboard and let it shine. What word, shine? I know the word learning and learning clearly. "

In the 1950s, this kind of "lovers' literacy" was popular all over the country. At that time, countless people sang this song and walked into the classroom of the literacy class. From 65438 to 0949, 80% of the country's 550 million people were illiterate, and the illiteracy rate in rural areas was as high as 95%. In some places, even Shili village can't find a person who can read and write. To transform China from a backward agricultural country into a modern industrial country, it is a fundamental problem to improve the scientific and cultural knowledge of workers.

1945 At the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Mao Zedong pointed out in "On the Coalition Government": "Eliminating illiteracy from 80% of the population is an important task of the new China." At that time, he had clearly seen that the current situation of illiteracy would greatly hinder the construction of new China.

In fact, the literacy work in the liberated areas began before the end of the war. At that time, every winter in the liberated areas, farmers were organized to read and write. Because this kind of school only starts in winter, everyone calls it "winter school". In the revolutionary war years, winter studies not only improved the people's cultural level, but also improved their political consciousness. However, the level of winter learning varies from place to place, and there are also great differences in teaching materials, teachers and organizational forms. Many winter schools still attach importance to political education and despise cultural education. After liberation, re-planning winter school has become a top priority for the Ministry of Education.

On September 20th, 1950, the Ministry of Education and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions jointly held the first national conference on education. Ma Xulun, then Minister of Education, made it clear in his opening speech that the education of workers and peasants should focus on literacy education.

More than 400 people from the central government, major administrative regions, women's federations and other educational departments, as well as model teachers and students of workers and peasants amateur schools attended the meeting. Li Jiyuan, former director of the Adult Education Department of the Ministry of Education, is one of them. At the meeting, the delegates spoke freely, discussed the organizational form, teaching materials, teaching plans, funds and other issues of amateur education for workers and peasants, and put forward the slogan of "promoting literacy education and gradually reducing illiteracy".

To Li Jiyuan's surprise, on the seventh day of the meeting, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other countries * * * came to the scene. Mao Zedong also cordially shook hands with the learning models attending the meeting and took a group photo as a souvenir, which greatly encouraged the delegates. This meeting can attract Mao Zedong's attention, which in itself shows that he attaches importance to literacy.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-literacy campaign