1. Question: Diagnose the problems that need to be solved urgently in teaching and put forward the initial idea of action change.

2. Problem analysis: make clear the problems raised by diagnosis, conduct preliminary discussion, analyze the reasons, determine the scope of the problems, and make plans. Members of the research group should have information (text, data, pictures, audio-visual and other materials for analyzing problems).

3. Determine the overall plan: including research objectives, assignment of researchers' tasks, research hypotheses, methods of collecting data, etc.

4. Formulate specific plans |: Formulate specific measures according to the overall plan. Through planned intervention, solve practical problems and change the status quo.

5. Action implementation: Under the guidance of basic ideas, overall plans and specific plans, implement specific plans.