A: Temperament type refers to a typical combination of basic features of nervous system characterized by psychological characteristics. At present, psychological science has not been able to compile a complete scheme that constitutes all the characteristics of temperament types. However, it can be generally accepted into four temperament types: choleric, sanguine, mucinous and depressive. Psychologically, people with bile are energetic, enthusiastic and straightforward, and strong-willed; Grumpy, unstable and provocative; Be brave and help others; Quick thinking, but poor accuracy. The obvious characteristics of their psychological activities are high excitement, imbalance and rapid sudden color. Bloody people are very sensitive in their actions. They are easy to adapt to the new environment, make new friends and have high plasticity. The impression is lively and enthusiastic, full of vigor and good at cooperation. However, attention is easily diverted and interests are easily changed, so it is difficult to adapt to ordinary and persistent work that requires patience and meticulousness. People who belong to mucilage are taciturn, because the neural process is calm, flexible and slow. Such people often strictly abide by the established life order and work system, pay attention to stability and are not easy to transfer. Appearance gives people the impression that they are serious, calm and steady, and they don't like empty talk. The shortcomings of this temperament type are stubbornness, ruthlessness, inflexibility, conservatism and difficulty in cooperation. Those jobs that need persistence, organization and calmness are most suitable for people with mucilage. People with depressed temperament have high sensitivity, low tolerance and low involuntary reactivity; Serious introversion; Highly excited and experienced, slow to respond; Rigid and inflexible. Fragile temperament, slow and lasting emotions, slow action, weakness and fatigue. People with this type of characteristics show that their emotions are not easy to get old, calm and emotional. Emotional fragility, nervousness, and easy to become withdrawn. In terms of behavior, it is slow. Timid, don't like publicity, slow to respond. The research shows that temperament determines a student's learning style, ways and methods to a certain extent, and endows him with a certain style and characteristics in Chile's activities, but it does not determine a student's knowledge, skills and Chilean level. Therefore, in learning, no matter what temperament type of students, under the same learning task, as long as they are willing to work hard, they can achieve good results. From this perspective, the teacher's task is not how to improve students' intelligence and make them get good grades in their studies, but to improve their learning efficiency and quality by guiding students' learning activities. Bad temperament is not bad. Any temperament has its advantages and disadvantages, just as everything has its advantages and disadvantages. As a teacher, we should understand the temperament characteristics and temperament types of different students, improve the educational effect according to the situation, and also urge students to foster their good personality and temperament characteristics. This type of students tend to be sanguine and have the weaknesses of carelessness, anticlimactic and interest transfer. Teachers should pay attention to asking them to be serious and diligent in their studies, and cultivate their central interest while stimulating their various interests; In specific activities, they are required to strengthen organizational discipline and cultivate their personality qualities such as vigor, enthusiasm and good thinking. When criticizing their shortcomings and mistakes, we should have a certain stimulating intensity, but we should be patient and meticulous, especially to do a good job in consolidating after the transformation to prevent repetition. This kind of students who tend to be choleric are enthusiastic, bold, cheerful, brave, enterprising and positive, but they also have the weakness of being rude, willful, arrogant and unable to control their emotions well. For such students, they should be required to be good at controlling themselves, calmly and thoughtfully answer questions and express their opinions, and remain calm and calm in their activities. Attention should be paid to cultivating their solid work style and self-controlled attitude towards others. We should not be impatient and rude in their education, but speak slowly and clearly and try to restrain our excitement. Students with this sticky temperament are generally unknown in the class and are easily overlooked. But most of them are calm, quiet, diligent and don't interfere with others. For this kind of students, teachers should focus on cultivating their high enthusiasm, flexibility and other qualities, prevent ruthlessness, ruthlessness, stubbornness and other bad qualities, and put an end to unnecessary indifference and malaise. This kind of students who are prone to depression usually give people the impression of being dull and shy, and this kind of students are most likely to appear sad, depressed, withdrawn and other behavioral phenomena. However, under the care of friendly collectives and teachers, it can fully show fine qualities such as meticulous, euphemistic, firm and compassionate. For this kind of students, teachers should (and should ask class cadres) to give more care and concrete help. We should focus on cultivating their excellent personality qualities, such as wit, carefulness, self-esteem, self-confidence, etc., to prevent the emergence of negative psychology such as cowardice, paranoia and loneliness. We should guide them to participate in group activities and give them praise, commendation and rewards. Stop criticizing them during the evaluation process. Create conditions and arrange them to engage in jobs that have certain difficulties and need to communicate and cooperate with others to encourage and exercise their courage. After all, the teacher's energy is limited, and it is impossible for every student to cover everything, and any negative temperament may form a bad character. Even if the students correct under the guidance of the teacher, they can't prevent them from making mistakes in the future. The origin of things still lies in things themselves, and internal factors are always more important than external factors. Therefore, while helping students overcome the negative aspects of temperament, teachers should also give students basic theories and knowledge about temperament and help them objectively analyze and understand the advantages and disadvantages of their own temperament characteristics. And teach them to consciously control the negative aspects of their temperament and develop the positive aspects. According to the plasticity of temperament, students can form good temperament characteristics through education and self-regulation. In addition, while teaching and guiding students according to their different temperament types, teachers should also recognize their own temperament types and correct their own shortcomings in time. In daily education, educators should implement different educational strategies according to students' different temperament types in order to achieve good results. So, specifically, how to combine the temperament characteristics of students and take effective educational countermeasures? Recently, the magazine Social Psychology Research published a case of teacher education, which inspired us. It happened in an autumn outing in Class 3, Grade 6, a primary school in Beijing. In the planning of the autumn outing, the teacher initiated the students' discussion, and everyone put forward many ways, such as asking parents for help in trying to charter a car for lack of funds. The traffic in Beijing is not very good. It takes more than an hour to get out of the city. Sometimes the traffic jam lasts a long time, but there will be no traffic jam before seven o'clock. So I decided to leave at 6: 30 in the morning on time. After the borrowed car is delivered to the students, they can return it in time and pick it up at regular intervals in the afternoon, which will not affect the parents' use of the car. The next day, according to the plan, the bus sent the whole class to the designated place before eight o'clock and returned to the city. Everyone is happy to come to the scenic spot, but they are surprised-the gate of the scenic spot is closed and there is no one around. Take a closer look, everyone. There is still more than an hour before going out. Facing the closed door and bleak autumn wind, students of all temperament have different performances. First, the courageous students put forward: teacher, the gate of the park is not high, and no one is in charge here. Let's stop waiting here and climb in; Hot-blooded students are thinking about their own ideas-the teacher won't let us climb in, so we can't wait for more than an hour. I want to find a place to play by myself; And the depressed students are sad for themselves there: teacher, there is still more than an hour, and it is so cold. What should I do? Only the clingy students are waiting patiently for the teacher's arrangement. Faced with such a situation, the teacher immediately explained to the students and proposed remedial measures. This is what he said to the students. Today, the teacher's thoughtlessness caused the students to arrive an hour early. Please don't worry, it's against discipline and even illegal to climb in. We can't do such a thing, and I'm sure our classmates won't do it either. Obviously, this is for timid students. ) Here, I would like to especially warn individual students to observe discipline, not to be divorced from the class group, and to obey orders in all actions (this is obviously said to bloody students). Because the teacher didn't make a good plan, the interest of individual students in today's autumn outing was affected a little, but it doesn't matter. Shall we use this hour to play an interesting game first? Hearing this, the students cheered and began to play games. The game is over, it's time to open the door to tourist attractions. Everyone entered the scenic spot and began a pleasant autumn tour. In this educational case, we can see that the teacher has a better understanding of the characteristics of students' temperament types and accurately grasped the psychological activities of the whole class, thus putting forward effective educational strategies, successfully solving the emergencies in students' educational activities and avoiding the further intensification of contradictions. Here, we are inspired to correctly understand the temperament characteristics of students with different temperament types, and adopt different forms of educational strategies in the educational activities for students, so as to achieve ideal educational results. In the actual educational activities, (1) when educating courageous students, we should first explain the truth in the educational methods, and then patiently persuade them, paying special attention to not being simple and rude, so as to avoid offending them and intensifying contradictions. In education, teachers are required to kindly educate students to be calm, persevere in doing things and constantly learn self-control. At the same time, we should also encourage students to show initiative and enthusiasm in their studies, activities and exchanges, and cultivate their rational courage, enterprising spirit and bold innovation spirit. (2) For bloody students, it is necessary to educate students to be strict with themselves and make a plan, a goal and a requirement. Instead of making them feel that they have nothing to do. We should educate them to have a stable interest, give full play to their enthusiasm, agility and flexibility, and ask them not to be distracted in their study and life, to concentrate, persevere and dare to face difficulties. (3) Educators should be rational, enthusiastic and patient with mucinous students. When the tasks of study and activities are given to them, they should be supported to complete the tasks independently after explaining the specific requirements. We should give them space to move in the group and opportunities for self-expression, encourage them to explore new problems actively, and induce them to complete their tasks with liveliness, agility and flexibility. It is necessary to prevent the spread of bad qualities such as coldness, caution and stubbornness, and encourage them to actively participate in group activities, otherwise it will affect their interpersonal skills and the future development of cooperation with different people. (4) For depressed students, more attention should be paid to encouraging them to give full play to their thinking advantages, encouraging and appreciating their advantages, deliberately amplifying their advantages, narrowing their shortcomings, and affirming their opinions and advantages in time. Other students in the education group should give them more care and help, and never lightly criticize and accuse them in public. We should encourage them to participate in all kinds of activities in an acceptable situation and scope, so that they can build confidence in their abilities, eliminate timidity and shyness, and prevent negative psychological qualities such as doubt and loneliness from occurring in the atmosphere of communication with different people and in various activities. Psychologists believe that more attention should be paid to students with bile and depression in educational activities. For students with choleric temperament, we should patiently educate them to have perseverance and self-control, let them learn to adapt to planned and stable study and life habits, and pay attention to the orderly alternation of study and rest. For depressed students, we should cultivate their courage and self-confidence, give them more encouragement and support, and help them get the pleasure of study, communication and life in group activities. As a primary school educator, we should realize that today's primary school students are in a transitional period from immaturity to maturity, with strong plasticity. At work, we should guide and educate students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of their own temperament types, teach them to overcome their own shortcomings in study, interpersonal communication and daily life, give full play to their own temperament advantages, and learn to be self-controlled, confident and introspective, so as to achieve the effect of self-education.