1. survey is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object.

2. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research. It comprehensively uses historical methods, observation methods, talks, questionnaires, case studies, tests and other scientific methods to have a planned, thorough and systematic understanding of educational phenomena, and analyzes, synthesizes, compares and summarizes a large number of data collected through investigation, thus providing people with regular knowledge.

Second, the observation method

Observation is a method for researchers to directly observe the object of study with their own senses and auxiliary tools according to certain research purposes, research outlines or observation tables, so as to obtain information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations, observation has the following functions: ① expanding people's perceptual knowledge; (2) inspire people's thinking; ③ Guide new discoveries.

Third, experimental methods

Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are:

First, actively innovate. Observation and investigation are to understand the research object and find its problems without disturbing the research object. However, experiments need to actively manipulate experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of objects, and make them obey the needs of scientific understanding.

Second, control. Scientific experiments require that according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated, so that the research object can be understood in a simplified and purified state.

Third, causality. Experiment is an effective tool and necessary way to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things.