According to the classification of schools, secondary specialized schools are divided into two categories: ordinary middle schools and adult middle schools. According to the Vocational Education Law and the current "three-set" scheme in the State Council, ordinary middle schools and adult middle schools are managed by the education department. According to the website of the Ministry of Education, there are 3,398 general secondary specialized schools and 1243 adult secondary specialized schools in China.
History of running a school
The educational system originated from the Soviet Union, and its goal is to cultivate professional and skilled talents.
From 1952 to 1954, since the first five-year plan of the national economy, a large number of secondary professional management and technical talents are urgently needed for key projects. According to the needs of industrial economic development, ministries and commissions in the State Council have successively established secondary specialized schools under the direct leadership and management, which are subordinate to ministries and commissions in the State Council.
During the period of 1952, Premier Zhou Enlai proposed to establish a new leadership and management system with business departments as the mainstay and division of responsibilities with education departments to jointly run schools well.
Historical laws and regulations
1980 the Ministry of education issued the interim provisions on the leadership management system of full-time secondary specialized schools.
1986 On April 12, the State Education Commission issued the Opinions on Formulating and Modifying the Teaching Plan of Full-time General Secondary Specialized Schools (for Trial Implementation).
1987 65438+February 3 1, the State Education Commission issued the Trial Measures for the Compilation of Inter-provincial Enrollment Plans for General Secondary Specialized Schools.
1988 March 14, the State Education Commission issued the Interim Provisions on Enrollment of General Secondary Specialized Schools.
199 1 3 13, the general office of the state education commission issued the "evaluation index system for the running level of general secondary specialized schools (for trial implementation)".
1993 may 10, the state education commission issued the "notice on selecting national, provincial and ministerial key general secondary specialized schools".
1994 On March 9th, the State Education Commission issued "Opinions on the Reform of Enrollment and Employment System in General Secondary Specialized Schools".
1On August 22nd, 994, the State Education Commission issued the Notice on Publishing the List of National Key General Secondary Specialized Schools.
On June 65438+1October 65438+1October 9, 2000, the Ministry of Education issued the Opinions on Preventing the Loss of Secondary Vocational Education Resources in the Adjustment of the Management System of Secondary Specialized Schools.
201010 on may 3, the Ministry of education issued the regulations on the administration of secondary vocational schools and the measures for the administration of secondary vocational schools.
201411kloc-0/5 The Ministry of Education issued the Measures for Electronic Registration of Secondary Vocational Education Students (Trial).
Times have changed.
In the early 1980s, when China was in urgent need of talents, it trained a large number of "pillar talents" with professional skills. At that time, the selection of middle schools was strict, and most of them passed with outstanding intelligence and excellent learning. "Going to high school without secondary school" was a common cognition at that time.
In the early 1980s, with the reform and opening up, the shortage of social talents in China was prominent, and the number of college students trained by higher education was too small. It is against this background that the secondary school policy was introduced. The educational system originated from the Soviet Union, and its goal is to cultivate professional and skilled talents. The educational system lasts for three or four years. In order to attract talents faster and better, the secondary school policy has formulated preferential policies such as household registration transfer and package distribution.
From the 1980s to the early 1990s, these 15 and 16-year-old gifted teenagers were selected into normal universities, health, agriculture, forestry, finance and taxation and other secondary specialized schools with excellent results after graduating from junior high school.
Including school fees, bag distribution, grain and oil supply, and monetary subsidies, many of them were born in poverty. Under the background that the admission rate of secondary schools is as low as 10%, they will be transferred to urban hukou as early as possible, waiting for their "iron rice bowl" and cadre status after graduation.
In the late 1990s, with the reform of the distribution system for middle school graduates and the expansion of university enrollment, middle schools began to be greatly affected. Graduates no longer enjoy the treatment of "package distribution" and "iron rice bowl".
It lowered its position from the original key high school to the ordinary high school, and became the "choice" for students not to enter high school. For many people who are not familiar with the changes in China's education system, "the place where poor students go" has become the label of middle schools.